Provided herein are methods of assessing, detecting, monitoring the presence, or monitoring progression of cancer in a subject, or assessing or predicting prognosis or survival of a subject having cancer. Also provided are methods of treating cancer based on an increase in the expression of one or more top master regulators of a cancer.

The present disclosure provides assays for the detection and/or quantification of membrane-associated proteins, e.g., circulating CD20 (cCD20), incorporating an extracellular vesicle-based calibrator comprising the membrane-associated tumor antigen as well as the use of such assays in the detection and treatment of hyperproliferative disorders.

Methods are provided for assaying bladder-associated samples. Aspects of the methods include detecting per cell programmed-death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in a bladder-associated sample. In some instances, the methods include detecting whether an immune cell that expresses PD-Ll above a predetermined threshold is present in a bladder-associated sample and/or detecting a PD-L1-aneuploid-to-PD-L1-epithelial ratio of a bladder-associated sample. Aspects of the methods may also include identifying whether a malignant bladder-associated neoplasia is present. Methods are also provided for treating a subject for a malignant bladder-associated neoplasia, wherein aspects of such methods include administering a therapeutic to a subject having an identified malignant bladder-associated neoplasia. In addition, kits that find use in practicing the subject methods are also provided.

The present invention is directed to a novel antibody against CD47 and the antibody fragments thereof and a composition comprising the antibody or antibody fragments thereof. The present invention relates further to a nucleic acid encoding the antibodies or antibody fragments thereof and host cells comprise the same, as well as the relevant use of the same. In addition, the present invention is also directed to the use of these antibodies and antibody fragments in the therapy and diagnosis.

Disclosed is a method for predicting whether esophageal cancer is sensitive or resistant to treatment with an ERBB3 inhibitor, e.g, an anti-ERBB3 antibody. Specifically, the method predicts by measurement of expression at the RNA level, or at the protein level, of at least one biomarker selected from SDC2, PTGES, NCF2, NOXA1, CARD6 and GNAZ in a tumor sample.

The invention relates to the application of the ERH gene in the preparation of bladder cancer diagnosis and treatment products. The ERH gene is found to have a good correlation with bladder cancer. In addition, an RNA interference vector is constructed to perform cell function experiments to study the effect of ERH gene on the proliferation and clonality of bladder cancer cells. The present invention provides a research basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer and has a good application prospect.

This disclosure is directed to novel CD133-binding agents. The disclosure is also directed to uses of novel CD133-binding agents for detecting CD133-expressing cells and/or quantitating levels of cellular CD133 expression, for targeting CD133-expressing cells, for decreasing levels of CD133 in CD133-expressing cells and for treating or preventing cancer.

The present invention relates to a composition for diagnosing bone metastasis of cancer, a method for providing information needed for diagnosis of bone metastasis of cancer using same, a method for providing information needed for monitoring responses to treatment of bone metastasis of cancer using same, and a method for screening a therapeutic agent for bone metastasis of cancer using same. The composition for diagnosing bone metastasis of cancer of the present invention has the effect of effectively diagnosing bone metastasis of cancer at an early stage.

Aspects of the present disclosure include methods for modulating macrophage activity. Methods according to certain embodiments include contacting a macrophage with a mannose receptor (CD206) binding agent in a manner sufficient to modulate activity of the macrophage. Methods for converting a phenotype of a macrophage from an M2 phenotype to an M1 phenotype are also provided. Methods for inhibiting growth of a CD206-expressing cell as well as methods for treating a subject for a neoplastic condition (e.g., cancer) or a condition associated with chronic inflammation are described. Immuno-modulating peptides suitable for use in the subject methods are also presented.

Early detection of tumors is a major determinant of survival of patients suffering from tumors, suffering from these cancers, including bladder tumors. Genetic markers can be highly and consistently accumulated in bladder tumor tissue, other tumor tissue, and/or in urine of patients having bladder cancer. Detection of these markers can be an effective diagnostic tool to guide therapy. Detection and quantification of a plurality of bladder tumor markers using polymerase chain reaction methods can increase the sensitivity and specificity of detection of bladder cancer, provide methods for determining the stage and type of bladder cancer, and provide specific methods for treatment.