The present invention provides therapeutic and diagnostic methods and compositions for bladder cancer (e.g., a locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma). The invention provides methods of treating bladder cancer, methods of determining whether a patient suffering from bladder cancer is likely to respond to treatment comprising a PD-L1 axis binding antagonist, methods of predicting responsiveness of a patient suffering from bladder cancer to treatment comprising a PD-L1 axis binding antagonist, and methods of selecting a therapy for a patient suffering from bladder cancer, based on expression levels of a biomarker of the invention (e.g., PD-L1 expression levels in tumor-infiltrating immune cells in a tumor sample obtained from the patient).

This invention relates to methods of characterising mammalian cells, e.g. mammalian cancer cells, based on their chemotypic signature. The methods comprise contacting test mammalian cells with a panel of reference compounds, measuring the effect of each reference compound on a phenotypic property of the test mammalian cells to produce a score for each reference compound in the panel, combining the scores to produce a chemotypic signature, and comparing this signature to the signatures of a set of reference mammalian cell lines. This may be useful for diagnostic and prognostic applications, as well as rational drug design, patient stratification, and personalised drug discovery.

Disclosed are compositions and methods for inhibiting cancer metastasis or a cancer recurrence in a subject following surgical removal or anti-cancer treatment of a cancer, comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising -tocotrienol (d-T3). Also disclosed are methods of determining if a subject is at risk for developing cancer metastasis or recurrence by measuring levels of hCAS expression and an optional treatment step if the subject is identified as being at risk for cancer metastasis or recurrence.

The present invention refers to a method of treating a carcinoma by administration of one or more of an oligonucleotide comprising the sequence of miR-198 (SEQ ID NO: 1) or a functional part thereof, or an oligonucleotide which reduces expression of Follistatin-related protein 1 (FSTL1), Protein diaphanous homolog 1 (DIAPH1), Laminin subunit gamma-2 (LAMC2) or Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (PLAU). Preferably, the at least one or more oligonucleotides directed against FSTL1, DIAPH1, LAMC2 or PLAU is a shRNA or siRNA. Also provided is a method of determining the presence of carcinoma in a subject, comprising detecting and comparing the presence of miR-198 and/or at least one of FSTL1, DIAPH1, LAMC2 or PLAU, miR-181a, epidermal growth factor (EGF), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and comparing the detected levels with that in a control sample.

The invention provides a method of detecting a subject suffering from, or at risk of suffering from, bladder cancer the method comprising i) providing a body fluid sample isolated from a subject; ii) isolating cells from said sample to provide a cell sample; iii) contacting the sample with a specific binding member capable of binding to a minichromosome maintenance (MCM) polypeptide(s); iv) determining the binding of said specific binding member to the cell sample; v) counting those cells in said cell sample which bound to said specific binding member to provide a cell count; vi) determining, based on the cell count, whether the subject has, or is at risk of having, bladder cancer.

The invention discloses a method for predicting whether esophageal cancer is sensitive or resistant to treatment with an ERBB3 inhibitor, e.g, an anti-ERBB3 antibody. Specifically, the method predicts by measurement of expression at the RNA level, or at the protein level, of at least one biomarker selected from SDC2, PTGES, NCF2, NOXA1, CARD6 and GNAZ in a tumor sample.

The present invention relates to a method of diagnosing bladder cancer in an individual. Further, the present invention relates to a method of determining the course of bladder cancer in an individual. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a kit for diagnosing bladder cancer in an individual or determining the course of bladder cancer in an individual.

The present invention relates, in part, to certain serum biomarkers and use thereof in methods for treating cancer, such as in evaluating and/or in additional methods such as predicting patient responses to treatment with a CXCR4 inhibitor optionally in combination with a immunotherapeutic agent, in patients with a cancer such as melanoma, including resectable and unresectable melanoma.

The present disclosure relates to a panel of biomarkers for the detection/diagnosis and prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Biomarkers for the detection/diagnosis of carcinoma cells identified by proteomic profiling and, detection/identification of selected proteins that are differentially regulated, in a biological sample from an individual as candidate markers. The biomarkers are useful for non-invasive early detection/prognosis focusing on the protein profiling of saliva at different stages of oral pre-cancer and cancer progression. Furthermore, the present invention deals with novel methods of diagnosing and for providing a prognosis for oral cancer and periodontal disease. In addition, the invention also provides kits that are useful for the practice of the methods of the invention.

The present disclosure relates to antibody molecules that bind specifically to C-MET and related nucleic acid molecules, vectors and host cells. Also provided are medical uses of such antibody molecules. The claimed anti C-Met antibodies of the present application have been selected by in silico engineering. Some of the antibodies have been generated and further characterized after expression in mammalian expression system