The present application relates to natural killer (NK) cell-specific tests that are useful in determining the expansion potential and function of NK cells.

Disclosed herein is a method of diagnosing a malignant glioblastoma. The method can comprise of isolating glioma-derived exosomes from a bodily fluid of the subject, and characterizing the amount of Cluster of Differentiation (CD44) and Cluster of Differentiation 133 (CD133) present in the glioma-derived exosomes. This method allows for the diagnosis of a malignant glioblastoma using CD44 and CD133 levels in EGFRviii specific immunocaptured exosomes from bodily fluids, which has previously not been recognized as providing an indication of a glioblastoma.

The invention is concerned with a method of predicting response to a PD-1 axis inhibitor such as anti-PD-L1 antibody by determining the abundance of dendritic cells (DCs) in a tumor tissue sample. The abundance of DCs characterized by enhanced expressions of XCR1, IRF8, BATF3 and FLT3 predicts clinical response to the PD-L1 blockade 5 treatment.

The present disclosure provides antigen-binding proteins which bind to Claudin-18.2 (CLDN18.2); bispecific antigen-binding proteins which bind to CLDN18.2 and a second antigen; and conjugates thereof. In various aspects, the antigen-binding proteins bind to Extracellular Loop 1 (EL1) of the extracellular domain of CLDN18.2. Related polypeptides, nucleic acids, vectors, host cells, and conjugates are further provided herein. Kits and pharmaceutical compositions comprising such entities are moreover provided. Also provided are methods of making an antigen-binding protein and methods of treating a subject having cancer.

Methods of monitoring progression of multiple myeloma or plasmacytoma, particularly relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma, are described. Also described are methods of treating or determining response to a treatment for multiple myeloma or plasmacytoma in a subject.

Certain universal neoepitopes and cancer specific neoepitopes and methods therefore are presented that may be used in immunotherapy and cancer diagnosis. Preferred therapeutic and diagnostic compositions include antibodies or fragments thereof that bind to neoepitopes on cancer cells.

Provided by the disclosure are compositions and methods for modulating differentiation of regulatory T cells. In some embodiments, methods include selectively decreasing IL-23R activity and/or IL-23R expression without significantly decreasing IL-12RP activity and/or IL-12RP expression.

A method for therapy control of HPV16 positive carcinoma, an antibody for use in the corresponding diagnostic method as well as a test for performing the method. In particular, a serologic method for monitoring the development of the amount of antibodies in samples, which were taken from a patient before and after the treatment of a HPV16 positive carcinoma over a predetermined period of time. In addition, an immunologic test in the form of a kit, with which the method can be performed.

Disclosed herein are reagents, compositions and methods for isolating and detecting rare cells such as circulating multiple myeloma cells as well as method of evaluating and treating patients suspected of having diseases of abnormal plasma cells, such as multiple myeloma.

The present invention provides a novel method for detecting an indicator of T cell lymphoma. The method for detecting an indicator of T cell lymphoma includes the step of detecting acetylated tubulin in a T cell that has been collected from a subject.