The invention relates to the treatment of brain tumors, specifically to improved therapy for glioblastoma utilizing specific endocrine modulators and drug combinations. The compositions and uses thereof according to the invention employ androgen receptor (AR) inhibitors, either alone or in combination with receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors and/or chemotherapeutic agents. According to certain advantageous embodiments, the use of the AR inhibitor enzalutamide, optionally in combination with epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors such as erlotinib and alkylating agents such as carmustine and temozolomide, is contemplated.

The present invention relates to peptides, proteins, nucleic acids and cells for use in immunotherapeutic methods. In particular, the present invention relates to the immunotherapy of cancer. The present invention furthermore relates to tumor-associated T-cell peptide epitopes, alone or in combination with other tumor-associated peptides that can for example serve as active pharmaceutical ingredients of vaccine compositions that stimulate anti-tumor immune responses, or to stimulate T cells ex vivo and transfer into patients. Peptides bound to molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), or peptides as such, can also be targets of antibodies, soluble T-cell receptors, and other binding molecules.

Disclosed herein is a companion diagnostic to predict efficacy of combination lenalidomide and erythropoietin treatment in patients with a erythropoietin (Epo)-refractory, Lower Risk (LR) Non-deletion 5q [Del(5q)] myelodysplasia syndrome (MDS). The method involves assaying erythroid precursors from a biological sample from the subject for a CD45 isoform profile, and treating the subject with a combination of lenalidomide and erythropoietin if the erythroid precursors have a predominance of large CD45RA and CD45RB isoforms compared to small CD45RO isoform.

A new sensitive cell biomarker of solid tumors is identified in blood. This biomarker can be used to determine presence of solid tumors, rapid determination of treatment response, early detection of cancer, early detection of cancer recurrence, and may be used to determine therapy.

The invention provides methods for identifying, diagnosing, and predicting survival in a lymphoma or lymphoproliferative disorder on the basis of gene expression patterns. The invention provides a microarray for obtaining gene expression data from a lymphoma sample. The invention also provides a variety of methods for utilizing lymphoma gene expression data to determine the identity of a particular lymphoma and to predict survival in a subject diagnosed with a particular lymphoma, which is useful in developing an appropriate therapeutic approach.

The invention provides TERT gene fusions, TERT fusion proteins, and fragments of those genes and polypeptides. The invention further provides methods of diagnosing diseases or disorders associated with TERT fusions, such as conditions mediated by aberrant TERT expression or activity, or overexpression of TERT.

The present invention relates to methods and kits for diagnosis of cancer in a subject by detecting human endogenous retrovirus env (HERV-WL) polypeptides.

Disclosed is the use of an expression level value of each of the four markers selected in a group consisting of CD24, CD27, CD36 and CD302 in a sample obtained from an individual affected with a multiple myeloma for predicting an outcome of a multiple myeloma in the individual.

The present invention relates to a vaccine composition comprising cyclic peptides of the present invention, antibodies to cyclic peptides, or an anticancer composition comprising them, and the vaccine composition of the present invention exhibit an inhibitory activity for metastasis of cancer. In addition, the antibodies of the present invention bind to the tumor-specific antigen TM4SF5 with high affinity, and significantly inhibit the growth, metastasis and invasion of cancer cells expressing the tumor-specific antigen TM4SF5, and thus can be used for diagnosis, prevention or treatment of various cancers expressing TM4SF5.

The present invention relates to methods and kits or articles of manufacture related thereto that may find use, inter alia, in assessing responsiveness of cancers to MUC16 antagonists by monitoring HE4 expression. In some embodiments, the methods include measuring the level of expression of HE4 in a sample from a subject; comparing the level of expression of HE4 in the sample with the level of expression of HE4 in a sample previously obtained from the subject; and, optionally, administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a MUC16 antagonist.