The invention uses intestinal microbial flora and combinations thereof as a liver cancer biomarker and provide a method for detection, in short, the intestinal microbial flora of the invention can be used as a liver cancer biomarker and can be used as a non-invasive method for detecting or predicting liver cancer, combined with conventional blood tests, not only capable of improving the accuracy rate of detection, but also capable of increasing the willingness of patients to participate in detection to achieve the efficacies of early prevention and early treatment.

It has been discovered that NAD.sup.+-dependent histone deacetylase SIRT6 is critical for suppression of PDAC by controlling the expression of Lin28b, which is a negative regulator of let-7 microRNA. Specifically, SIRT6 loss results in histone hyperacetylation at the Lin28b promoter, Myc recruitment, and pronounced induction of Lin28b and downstream let-7 target genes, HMGA2, IGF2BP1, and IGF2BP3. This invention relates generally to agents and methods of reducing expression or activity of Lin28b to treat (aggressive) PDAC in a subject.

Methods for identifying and determining an abundance of an alpha fetoprotein (AFP) glycoform in a biological sample includes obtaining a biological sample, separating AFP from the biological sample as an enriched AFP sample, separating intact AFP from the enriched AFP sample, subjecting the intact AFP to high resolution mass spectrometry to generate a mass spectrum, identifying at least one AFP glycoform from the mass spectrum, and determining an abundance of the at least one AFP glycoform in the biological from the mass spectrum.

An ultra-high sensitivity dual-gated biosensor based on an MOS transistor, which is applicable to detection of a series of early tumors. The sensor is prepared and processed by using SOI wafers, and a unique dual-gated structure is realized by ion implantation technique. The sensor is prepared by an ultraviolet lithography combined with an NLD etching method, realizing trace, instant and marker-free detection of tumor markers. The method detects a change in capacitance in the channel during binding of antigen antibodies. The detection method involved in the invention is more stable and strong in anti-interference, can meet the demands in the aspect of detection range and sensitivity, and especially has extremely outstanding detection sensitivity, and can detect a sample with a lowest concentration in the range of 1 fg/ml1 ng/ml.

It has been discovered that NAD.sup.+-dependent histone deacetylase SIRT6 is critical for suppression of PDAC by controlling the expression of Lin28b, which is a negative regulator of let-7 microRNA. Specifically, SIRT6 loss results in histone hyperacetylation at the Lin28b promoter, Myc recruitment, and pronounced induction of Lin28b and downstream let-7 target genes, HMGA2, IGF2BP1, and IGF2BP3. This invention relates generally to agents and methods of reducing expression or activity of Lin28b to treat (aggressive) PDAC in a subject.

It has been discovered that NAD+-dependent histone deacetylase SIRT6 is critical for suppression of PDAC by controlling the expression of Lin28b, which is a negative regulator of let-7 microRNA. Specifically, SIRT6 loss results in histone hyperacetylation at the Lin28b promoter, Myc recruitment, and pronounced induction of Lin28b and downstream let-7 target genes, HMGA2, IGF2BP1, and IGF2BP3. This invention relates generally to agents and methods of reducing expression or activity of Lin28b to treat (aggressive) PDAC in a subject.

An ultra-high sensitivity dual-gated biosensor based on an MOS transistor, which is applicable to detection of a series of early tumors. The sensor is prepared and processed by using SOI wafers, and a unique dual-gated structure is realized by ion implantation technique. The sensor is prepared by an ultraviolet lithography combined with an NLD etching method, realizing trace, instant and marker-free detection of tumor markers. The method detects a change in capacitance in the channel during binding of antigen antibodies. The detection method involved in the invention is more stable and strong in anti-interference, can meet the demands in the aspect of detection range and sensitivity, and especially has extremely outstanding detection sensitivity, and can detect a sample with a lowest concentration in the range of 1 fg/ml1 ng/ml.

The present invention addresses the problem of making it possible, in a simple immunoassay, to prevent false-positive reactions and reduce measurement value errors so as to accurately detect fFN by suppressing a cross-reaction with plasma FN that is an antigenic component similar to fFN to reduce the detection of plasma FN. When an anti-fFN antibody reacts with fFN in the presence of a specific surfactant according to the present invention, it is possible to accurately detect fFN through the suppression of the cross-reaction between the antibody and FN, even when other FNs such as plasma FN are also present. The specific surfactant is represented by general formula (1):

RO(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.mH(1)

In the formula, m is 4-30, and R represents an alkyl group.

The present disclosure relates to methods of quantifying a target protein e.g., a tumor biomarker, in a sample by using a mass spectroscopy coupled with a chromatography method. The methods presented herein include incubating the sample with a composition comprising an amidase and a protease for a predetermined amount of time. Incubating the sample with a composition comprising an amidase and a protease in a single step improves the digestion efficiency of the target protein, leading to enhanced detectability e.g., signal to noise ratio, in mass spectroscopy.

It has been discovered that NAD.sup.+-dependent histone deacetylase SIRT6 is critical for suppression of PDAC by controlling the expression of Lin28b, which is a negative regulator of let-7 microRNA. Specifically, SIRT6 loss results in histone hyperacetylation at the Lin28b promoter, Myc recruitment, and pronounced induction of Lin28b and downstream let-7 target genes, HMGA2, IGF2BP1, and IGF2BP3. This invention relates generally to agents and methods of reducing expression or activity of Lin28b to treat (aggressive) PDAC in a subject.