[Problem] To provide a signal enhancer that enhances a signal based on reaction between an α1-6 fucose sugar chain and an α1-6 fucose specific lectin bound thereto, a method for using the same, and use of the same.

[Solution] A signal enhancer enhances a signal based on reaction between an α1-6 fucose sugar chain and an α1-6 fucose specific lectin bounded thereto, and is characterized by having, as an active ingredient, at least one selected from the group consisting of urea and thiourea. The final concentration of the urea is preferably 1-9 M and the final concentration of the thiourea is 0.1-1.5 M. Since the signal enhancer allows accurate measurement of an α1-6 fucose sugar chain, the signal enhancer is greatly useful in detection and determination of a disease related to an α1-6 fucose sugar chain and in academic study of an α1-6 fucose sugar chain.

There is provided a molecular marker CXCR1 for predicting response and survival in subjects afflicted with cancer who would benefit from treatment with and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) targeted therapeutic.

A method for quantifying acetylamantadine in a urine sample comprises eluting acetylamantadine from the urine sample using solid phase extraction and quantifying the acetylamantadine eluted from the urine sample using Raman spectroscopy.

The present invention relates to methods, compositions, and kits for detecting and quantitating exosomes and exosomal biomarkers and the use of exosomes and exosomal biomarkers in diagnostic and prognostic methods for various diseases and disorders. Disease and disorders of the present invention include neurological disorders, immunological disorders, placental diseases, cancer, hematological disorders, kidney disease, gastrointestinal diseases, liver diseases, and musculoskeletal diseases

Chemical entities that are kinase inhibitors, pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treatment of cancer are described.

The present invention relates to peptides, proteins, nucleic acids and cells for use in immunotherapeutic methods. In particular, the present invention relates to the immunotherapy of cancer. The present invention furthermore relates to tumor-associated T-cell peptide epitopes, alone or in combination with other tumor-associated peptides that can for example serve as active pharmaceutical ingredients of vaccine compositions that stimulate anti-tumor immune responses, or to stimulate T cells ex vivo and transfer into patients. Peptides bound to molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), or peptides as such, can also be targets of antibodies, soluble T-cell receptors, and other binding molecules.

The present disclosure includes exosomal protein biomarkers for differential diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis including a five-protein signature determined using mass spectrometry-based proteiomic analysis of plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) for differential diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

A method of selecting a semaphorin for treating cancer in a subject is disclosed. The method comprises determining an expression of a semaphorin receptor on tumor cells of a tumor sample of the subject wherein an amount of the semaphorin receptor is indicative of the semaphorin suitable for treating the cancer in the subject. Kits for treating cancer and pharmaceutical compositions comprising semaphorins are also disclosed.

The use of Slfn11 as a biomarker for detecting the occurrence of epithlial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in a subject, and the use of Slfn11 modulators to treat cancer is disclosed herein. Also disclosed are various methods for detecting the occurrence of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in a subject by measuring Slfn11 expression and/or activity.

The present invention provides a reagent for detection or diagnosis of cancer, which comprises a monoclonal antibody against MCT5 or a fragment thereof.