A method to recover an extracellular vesicle at a high efficiency, including (a) and (b): wherein (a) is mixing (i) an extracellular vesicle-containing sample, (ii) particles on which a substance having an affinity to extracellular vesicle membrane is immobilized, and (iii) a polymer to give a mixture solution containing (i′) target particles bound to the extracellular vesicle via the substance and (ii′) the polymer; and (b) separating the target particles from the mixture solution. The method further includes reducing a viscosity of the mixture solution between (a) and (b). A method for analyzing an extracellular vesicle. A kit having (a) a polymer, (b) a substance having an affinity to the extracellular vesicle membrane, and (c) an enzyme capable of degrading a polymer.

The present invention provides a modified human cancer cell comprising a recombinant polynucleotide encoding an allele of a human leukocyte antigen gene. The present invention also provides methods for selecting a whole-cell cancer vaccine for a subject having cancer and methods of treating cancer using whole-cell cancer vaccines of the present invention. In addition, the present invention provides a method of determining the HER2 status of a cell. Compositions and kits are also provided herein.

This disclosure relates to the surprising and unexpected finding that the well-known cancer protein, Myeloid Cell Leukemia-1 (MCL-1), binds to and modulates the enzymatic activity of Very Long Chain Acyl CoA Dehydrogenase (VLCAD), thereby regulating fatty acid β-oxidation. This finding is employed in compositions and methods of treating cancer, metabolic diseases, or other conditions characterized by excessive fatty acid β-oxidation by blocking or reducing the energy production of cells (e.g., cancer) through inhibiting the MCL-1/VLCAD interaction and/or directly inhibiting VLCAD enzymatic activity. In addition, the disclosure features methods for identifying such agents that inhibit the interaction between MCL-1 and VLCAD or that inhibit VLCAD enzymatic activity.

The invention relates to the use in vitro of a kit for diagnostics, more particularly therapy-accompanying diagnostics, relating to a transplant and/or for diagnostics, more particularly therapy-accompanying diagnostics, relating to an autoimmune disease and/or for diagnostics, more particularly therapy-accompanying diagnostics, relating to a tumor disease and/or for diagnostics, more particularly therapy-accompanying diagnostics, relating to a vaccination, wherein the kit has the following components: a blood collection container, a blood collection set or blood collection system including a blood collection container, a nutrient medium for blood, and at least one activator for activating blood cells, more particularly immune cells, and/or at least one inhibitor for inhibiting blood cells, more particularly immune cells, and/or at least one modulator for modulating blood cells, more particularly immune cells.

The invention further relates to the use in vitro of a method for diagnostics in transplants and/or autoimmune diseases and/or tumor diseases and/or vaccinations, to a messenger-substance-containing supernatant for use in vitro in diagnostics in transplants and/or autoimmune diseases and/or tumor diseases and/or vaccinations, and to a combination for use in diagnostics in transplants and/or autoimmune diseases and/or tumor diseases and/or vaccinations.

The present invention relates to a biomarker composition for predicting the prognosis of a cancer patient, the biomarker composition including a first molecular subtype or a protein transcribed and translated from the first molecular subtype. The present invention also relates to a biomarker composition for predicting the prognosis of a cancer patient, the biomarker composition further including a second molecular subtype or a protein transcribed and translated from the second molecular subtype.

Described is a method for associating with the expression level of an AKR1C3 enzyme via the content of prostaglandin, and the use of screening for drug administration. In particular, the content of prostaglandin is measured to associate with the expression level of the AKR1C3 enzyme in a biological sample; and the change in the content and the change rate of the content of prostaglandin before and after administering interfering drugs are measured to associate with the expression level of the AKR1C3 enzyme in the biological sample.

The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for inhibiting the resistance of liver cancer to sorafenib and enhancing an anticancer effect, comprising an Estrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ) inhibitor as an active ingredient. The present invention can be effectively used as a pharmaceutical composition for treating sorafenib-resistant advanced liver cancer.

Methods are disclosed for treating a subject with a tumor. These methods include administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of CD8.sup.+CD39.sup.+CD103.sup.+ T cells. Methods also are disclosed for isolating a nucleic acid encoding a T cell receptor (TCR) that specifically binds a tumor cell antigen. These methods include isolating CD8.sup.+CD39.sup.+CD103.sup.+ T cells from a sample from a subject with a tumor expressing the tumor cell antigen, and cloning a nucleic acid molecule encoding a TCR from the CD8.sup.+CD39.sup.+CD103.sup.+ T cells. In addition, methods are disclosed for expanding CD8.sup.+CD39.sup.+CD103.sup.+ T cells. In additional embodiments, methods are disclosed for determining if a subject with a tumor will respond to a checkpoint inhibitor. The methods include detecting the presence of CD8.sup.+CD39.sup.+CD103.sup.+ T cells in a biological sample from a subject.

Anti-TAA antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof are described. Also described are nucleic acids encoding the antibodies, compositions comprising the antibodies, and methods of producing the antibodies and using the antibodies for treating or preventing diseases such as cancer and/or an inflammatory disease.

Provided are a novel agent for inhibiting metastasis of human cancer cells, and a novel agent for determining whether target cells are cancer cells or not in a human. A human cancer cell metastasis inhibitor including human dicalcin or a partial peptide thereof, and a human cancer cell determination agent including human dicalcin or a partial peptide thereof.