The present disclosure provides compositions and methods for the treatment of subjects having a risk of invasive breast cancer. In some embodiments, these aspects allow for the pairing of the proper treatment option for the particular subject. In some embodiments, this allows for identifying subjects who, while at risk for invasive breast cancer, will not normally respond to radiation therapy, and can instead receive an alternative therapy, such as a HER2 antibody.

This document provides methods and materials for identifying chromosomal anomalies that can be used to identify a mammal as having a disease (e.g., cancer or congenital abnormality). For example, this document provides methods and materials for evaluating sequencing data to identify a mammal as having a disease associated with one or more chromosomal anomalies (e.g., cancer or congenital abnormalities). For example, this document provides methods and materials for evaluating sequencing data that can be used in cancer diagnostics, non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT), preimplantation genetic diagnosis and evaluation of congenital abnormalities.

A method for identifying a patient with malignant tumor which can be expected to benefit more from an immune checkpoint inhibitor, and agent for suppressing the progression of, suppressing the recurrence of, and/or treating malignant tumor, being prescribed based thereon, comprising use of a combination of two sets of evaluation items and specific condition defined by each of combination thereof.

A vaccine containing an epitope of a heat shock protein 90 and uses thereof are disclosed. The epitope(s) of heat shock protein 90 has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 and/or 2. A multi-epitope vaccine containing the epitope(s) and a method for treating or preventing cancer using the same are disclosed.

The present invention relates to the discovery that inhibition of Dickkopf2 (DKK2) increases CD8.sup.+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity, attenuates tumor, and hence suppresses tumor formation. Thus, in various embodiments described herein, the methods of the invention relate to methods of treating cancer by administering to a patient an effective amount of a humanized anti-DKK2 antibody, methods for providing anti-tumor immunity in a subject, methods of stimulating a T cell mediated immune response to a cell population or a tissue and suppressing tumor in a subject. Additionally, the current invention includes methods of diagnosing a cancer or a predisposition of developing a cancer or a metastasis and methods for determining the use of immunotherapy treatment or cancer vaccine for treating cancer. Furthermore, the invention encompasses a pharmaceutical composition for treating cancer as well as a kit for carrying out the aforementioned methods.

Nucleic acid- and protein-based methods for identifying a patient sensitive to treatment with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor are provided, as is a method for treating a subject with a T-lineage hematological malignancy. Specifically, the method comprising determining activity levels of LCK nucleic acid or protein in a biological sample from a patient with a T-lineage hematological malignancy, wherein an increase in the activity levels of the LCK nucleic acid or protein in the biological sampled compared to a reference level indicates that the patient is sensitive to treatment with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor.

The present disclosure provides a technique for separating and identifying an abnormal cell in a cell sample derived from a subject. The present disclosure provides a method for analyzing cells using a cell analyzer by utilizing the functions, either alone or in combination, of the cell analyzer, said cell analyzer having a function of continuously concentrating cells, a function of successively arranging the cells in a specific region of a flow channel continuously, a function of simultaneously recognizing the shape of each cell, in a single cell unit on an image base, in the bright field and the shape of fluorescence, and a function of separating and purifying the cells having been recognized on the basis of the shape thereof obtained by correcting the aforesaid shape in accordance with the flow rate of the cells and the light emission data of the fluorescence.

Disclosed is an isoform of hexokinase 1 (HK1), namely hexokinase 1b (HK1b), for use as a prognosis marker and as a specific target for use in treatment of cancer.

The invention provides that OSTERIX (a.k.a. SP7) is a marker for gastrointestinal stem cells and that OSTERIX is expressed widely and at elevated levels in human gastrointestinal tumors.

Methods for preparing ex vivo T cell cultures using IL-21 compositions for use in adoptive immunotherapy are described. Addition of IL-21 to cultures of non-terminally differentiated T cells population, either isolated or present in peripheral blood mononuclear cells are exposed to one or more tumor antigens, and in the presence of IL-21 compositions and antigen presenting cells (APCs), the resulting T cell population has an enhanced antigen-specificity; and can be reintroduced into the patient. Methods are also disclosed for identifying tumor antigens by culturing T cell populations exposed to IL-21 compositions and APCs in the presence of tumor material.