The present invention provides a method for classifying immunological entities. The inventors assume that there are commonalities among antigen specificities for which, without a function being specified in advance, bound immunological entities (antigens, epitopes, etc.) are normally handled individually as separate functions (for example, whether antigen A has the specificity), and the inventors have discovered that it is possible to classify immunological entities by evaluating the similarities thereof. This method has a high degree of precision with respect to immunity-related illnesses, and the present invention is clinically applicable.

Provided are dyes and compositions which are useful in a number of applications, such as the detection and monitoring protein aggregation, kinetic studies of protein aggregation, neurofibrillary plaques analysis, evaluation of protein formulation stability, and analysis of molecular chaperone activity.

Provided is a linker for both screening assessment of the candidate clones without using enzymes, and to provide an in vitro selection method using thereof. Also, provided is a high-speed photo-crosslinking linker for molecular interaction analysis and in vitro selection comprising a backbone and a side chain. The backbone comprises a solid-phase binding site located at the 5 terminus for forming a bond with a solid-phase; a solid-phase cleavage site for releasing the entire solid-phase at the site; a side chain linking site for linking a side chain; a high-speed photo-crosslinking site for linking the backbone to mRNA having a sequence complementary thereof via photo-crosslinking; and a reverse transcription initiation region located adjacent to the side chain linking site at the 3 terminus of the backbone. The side chain comprises a fluorescent label, a protein binding site located at the free terminus thereof; and a binding site with the backbone.

The present invention relates generally methods and kits for detecting binding interactions, in particular protein-protein interactions, and particularly to high throughput methods for labelling, analysing, detecting and measuring protein-protein interactions.

Triazabutadiene molecules as cleavable cross-linkers adapted to cross-link components with click chemistry, e.g., clickable triazabutadienes. For example, in some embodiments, the triazabutadienes feature alkyne handles attached to the imidazole portion or the aryl portion of the triazabutadienes, wherein the alkyne handles can link to azide handles (e.g., azide handles disposed on other components) via click chemistry. Also described are methods of producing said clickable triazabutadienes and methods of use of said clickable triazabutadienes. The present invention also features methods of cleaving said clickable triazabutadienes, e.g., for liberating the diazonium species for further chemical reactions.

The present invention provides assays and assay systems for use in spatially encoded biological assays. The invention provides an assay system comprising an assay capable of high levels of multiplexing where reagents are provided to a biological sample in defined spatial patterns; instrumentation capable of controlled delivery of reagents according to the spatial patterns; and a decoding scheme providing a readout that is digital in nature.

The present invention relates, inter alia, to polyspecificity reagents, methods of making the same, and methods of using the same in, inter alia, the selection, screening, enrichment, and identification of non-polyspecific, and thus developable, polypeptides.

The invention is in the field of TNF signalling. Compounds have been identified which are capable of modulating signalling of TNF trimers through receptors. Methods of identifying such compounds are therefore provided. The compounds themselves have utility in therapy.

The present disclosure relates to a polypeptide including an Fc-gamma receptor mutant. The Fc-gamma receptor mutant of the present disclosure is optimized by substituting a part of an amino acid sequence of an Fc-gamma receptor with a different amino acid sequence, so as to provide an excellent selective binding ability to immunoglobulins. Therefore, it can be usefully used for increasing in vivo half-life of drugs, detecting and purifying immunoglobulins, inhibiting organ transplant rejections, or preventing or treating autoimmune diseases.

The invention relates to a method for screening a library of peptide ligands, said library comprising a plurality of polypeptides covalently linked to a molecular scaffold at two or more amino acid residues, comprising the steps of displaying said library of peptide ligands in a genetic display system, wherein the polypeptide comprises two or more reactive groups which form a covalent linkage to the molecular scaffold, and at least one loop which comprises a sequence of amino acids subtended between two of said reactive groups; exposing the peptide ligands to one or more cells which display one or more target molecules on the cell surface; and screening the peptide ligands for binding against the target, and selecting the ligands which bind to the target.