The present disclosure provides methods and compositions for the determining the abundance and/or concentration of protein biomarkers in a biological sample.

A method and system for determining the dissociation constant (K.sub.d) of a reversible binding pair of a first compound and a second compound. The method comprises: injecting a sample into a capillary tube via one or more valves, wherein the sample comprises the first compound, the second compound, and a first compound-second compound complex; injecting a mobile phase into the capillary tube via said one or more valves, the sample flowing through the capillary tube under laminar flow conditions, wherein the second compound and the first compound-second compound complex is separated from the first compound by transverse diffusion; measuring time dependence of a signal that is proportional to the concentration of the first compound, both unbound and bound to the second compound using a measurement component; and determining the equilibrium dissociation constant based on the measured signal versus time dependence.

Reagents and methods for obtaining a metabolite solution comprising a mass spectrometry compatible volatile salt or volatile compound.

Methods are described for preparing samples including biological, environmental, and food products for microbial analysis. Microbes and microbe components in the sample can be treated with antimicrobial compounds and a matrix solution to permit fast and accurate characterization using analysis techniques such as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization Time-of-Flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS).

Provided herein are novels systems and methods for the identification of peptides that bind to MHC-I molecules using peptide receptive MHC-I complexes.

The present invention relates to a method for detecting a pathogenic strain having resistance to carbapenem antibiotics in a biological sample. According to the present invention, it is possible to directly identify carbapenemases, specifically KPC, OXA, NDM, IMP, VIM and/or GES protein, by mass spectrometry, thereby making it possible to quickly determine not only whether a pathogenic strain has resistance to antibiotics, but also the type of protein involved in the resistance. According to the present invention, the physical and chemical properties of each carbapenemase in vivo, such as the unique N-terminal truncation length, methionine residue oxidation and disulfide bond formation in each type of carbapenemase, are identified and are reflected on reference mass values. Accordingly, it is possible to more closely detect the presence of an antibiotic-resistant strain with high reliability, and thus the present invention may be advantageously used to establish an appropriate strategy for antibiotic administration at an early stage of infection.

An automated system for lipid exchange-mass spectrometry, e.g., measuring affinity of a membrane protein for lipids. The automated systems herein can measure the specificity of membrane protein-lipid interactions, detect remodeling of the membrane environment, and determine optimal lipid composition for membrane proteins.

A mass spectrometry method includes detecting, in a first mass spectrometry of a sample containing a glycan having a plurality of sialic acids each modified differently, a plurality of oxonium ions derived from each of the plurality of sialic acids, and calculating relative values of intensities of the plurality of oxonium ions based on data obtained by the detection.

Methods and devices obtain cellular-component, e.g., proteins, RNA, DNA, metabolites, and combinations of these, from a solid tissue in-vivo using electroporation, and subsequently profile such tissue either inside or outside the subject's body. A method for determining if a solid tissue of a subject includes a benign or malignant tumor, or if a space occupying lesion (SOL) within the solid tissue is malignant or benign, includes placing at least one electroporation-electrode within the solid tissue, or within the SOL or in proximity thereto; applying pulsed electric field (PEF) via the at least one electroporation-electrode to thereby induce permeabilization of cells of the solid tissue or the SOL, and consequently release of at least one cellular-component therefrom to an extracellular matrix between and surrounding the cells; extracting the at least one cellular-component from the extracellular matrix.

Methods for processing and analyzing samples are presented, said methods useful for, among other uses, analysis of lipids and other analytes of a sample, said methods further useful for identification of microorganisms at the level of species, identification of microorganisms at a level other than species, detecting infections and other diseases, detecting and measuring growth of an organism, detecting and measuring an environmental response of an organism, determining and/or measuring antimicrobial resistance of a microorganism, and for other purposes.