Methods of assessing, such as characterizing or determining, condensate-associated characteristics of a compound, such as a test compound, and applications thereof are provided. For example, methods of determining a partition characteristic of a test compound in a target condensate, methods of determining a relative partition characteristic of a test compound in a target condensate, and methods of determining a condensate preference profile of a test compound are provided. Additionally, methods of designing and/or identifying and/or making a compound, or portion thereof, with a desired relative condensate partition characteristic are provided.

Provided herein are methods for monitoring treatment for multiple sclerosis in a pregnant subject, and determining the efficacy of a treatment for multiple sclerosis in a pregnant subject. These methods include (a) extracting a drug from a dried blood spot (DBS) sample from a pregnant subject after a treatment for multiple sclerosis has been administered to the pregnant subject; (b) performing mass spectrometry on the extracted DBS sample; (c) determining a peak area ratio of the extracted DBS sample to an internal standard; and (d) identifying the administered treatment as being below the internal standard threshold if the plasma concentration of the treatment is less than 1 as compared to the internal standard ratio. Also provided herein are dried blood spot cards, and kits that include a dried blood spot card pre-treated with at least one internal standard.

The present disclosure relates to compounds useful for the detection or modulation of target nucleic acids, including DNA and RNA. The present disclosure further relates to methods for treatment of trinucleotide repeat disorders, which can include administration of oligonucleotide analogues that can bind pathogenic nucleotide repeats in DNA or RNA.

Provided herein are methods of identifying a group of complementarity determining region (CDR)3, 2 and/or 1 nanobody amino acid sequences (CDR3, CDR2 and/or CDR1 sequences) wherein a reduced number of the CDR3, CDR2 and/or CDR1 sequences are false positives as compared to a control, methods for determining antigen affinity of nanobody peptide sequences, and related methods for training a deep learning model.

A method is disclosed comprising providing a biological sample on a swab, directing a spray of charged droplets onto a surface of the swab in order to generate a plurality of analyte ions, and analysing the analyte ions.

The present disclosure provides a system comprising a communication interface and computer for assigning a label to the biomolecule fingerprint, wherein the label corresponds to a biological state. The present disclosure also provides a sensor arrays for detecting biomolecules and methods of use. In some embodiments, the sensor arrays are capable of determining a disease state in a subject.

This disclosure provides methods, systems, and compositions of matter for studying solvent accessibility and three-dimensional structure of biological molecules. A plasma can be used to generate marker radicals, which can interact with a biological molecule and mark the solvent-accessible portions of the biological molecule.

Methods for differentiating full-length high molecular weight kininogen (HMWK) and cleaved HMWK in a sample are provided herein. Such methods may comprise treating a biological sample with a protease to generate a plurality of digested peptides, and measuring one or more signature peptides, which are indicative of cleaved HMWK and/or full-length HMWK.

A biomarker diagnostic system includes a sensor to collect a sweat sample from a biological subject; a processor operatively connected to the sensor, wherein the processor is configured to perform metabolic and proteomic profiling of biomarkers in the sweat sample. The metabolic and proteomic profile is compared to a predetermined profile of the biomarkers and to determine a physiological status of the biomarkers. The system further includes a feedback unit operatively coupled to the sensor and the processor and configured to output physiological performance data based on the physiological status.

In a general aspect, microorganisms [e.g., bacteria, etc.) are identified and detected. In some examples, a liquid solvent is supplied through a first channel of a sampling probe to an internal reservoir of the sampling probe; a fixed volume of the liquid solvent in the internal reservoir is held in direct contact with a sample surface for a period of time to form a liquid analyte; gas is supplied to the internal reservoir through a second channel of the sampling probe; the liquid analyte is extracted from the internal reservoir through a third channel of the sampling probe; the liquid analyte is transferred to a mass spectrometer; the mass spectrometer processes the liquid analyte to produce mass spectrometry data; and the mass spectrometry data are analyzed to detect and identify a microorganism [e.g., acteria, fungi, or another type of microorganism) present at the sample surface.