Antibodies which block binding of hPD-1 to hPD-L1 or hPD-L2 and their variable region sequences are disclosed. A method of increasing the activity (or reducing downmodulation) of an immune cell through the PD-1 pathway is also disclosed.

The present disclosure relates to novel anti IL-34 antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof specifically binding cytokine IL-34 with high affinity, the method of obtaining of these antibodies and their therapeutic use.

The present inventors discovered that problems of existing antibody pharmaceuticals can be solved by producing antigen-binding molecules that contain an antigen-binding domain whose antigen-binding activity varies depending on the concentration of a target tissue-specific compound. Use of antigen-binding molecules of the present invention enables various diseases that originate from a target tissue to be treated in a manner specific to the target tissue.

Provided herein are biomarkers for the treatment of pathological conditions, such as cancer, and method of using PD-1/PD-L1 pathway antagonists. In particular, provided are biomarkers for patient selection and prognosis in cancer, as well as methods of therapeutic treatment, articles of manufacture and methods for making them, diagnostic kits, methods of detection and methods of advertising related thereto.

The present invention provides a method of determining the identity and/or amount of an anti-IL-31 antibody in a sample. Such a method includes incubating a sample comprising an anti-IL-31 antibody with at least one mimotope selected from a feline IL-31 mimotope, a canine IL-31 mimotope, a horse IL-31 mimotope, and a human IL-31 mimotope; and determining the identity and/or quantity of the anti-IL-31 in the sample.

Novel anti-interleukin 3 (IL-3) antibodies or fragments or constructs thereof according to the present invention specifically bind to an epitope contained within the N-terminal 20 amino acids of the amino acid sequence of human IL-3 according to SEQ ID No. 1, and preferably to a sequence motif SWVN (SEQ ID NO: 2). The antibodies can be used in diagnostic methods for the determination of IL-3 levels in body fluids, preferably in corresponding ELISA assays, but also in pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment or prevention of diseases which are associated with elevated levels of IL-3 in a patient, especially rheumatoid arthritis.

An isolated monoclonal antibody against the interleukin 1-alpha or beta receptor antagonist, known as IL-1RA. The antibody inhibits the interaction of IL-1RA with the membrane-binding chain thereof, the interleukin-1 receptor. Also, nucleic acid molecule encoding for a light chain of the monoclonal antibody, and a nucleic acid molecule encoding for a heavy chain of the monoclonal antibody. Also, a method for treating an inflammatory, infectious or autoimmune disease, which includes administering the isolated monoclonal antibody or a nucleic acid coding for the isolated monoclonal antibody, and a method of or the diagnosis of an inflammatory, infectious or autoimmune diseases, which includes contacting a biological sample with the isolated monoclonal antibody.

Use of an agent capable of inhibiting CLEVER-1 expression or binding to CLEVER-1 in combination with an inhibitor of interleukin and/or the respective receptor, and optionally further with an agent capable of binding to interferon-alpha/beta receptor (IFNAR) in a treatment of diseases.

Disclosed is a human IL-4R antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof. The antibody or the antigen binding fragment thereof specifically binds with human IL-4Rα and binds with a specific epitope in human IL-4Rα. Moreover, also provided in the present disclosure are uses of the epitope in screening a human IL-4R binding agent or blocking agent for a human IL-4/IL-13 signal transduction pathway or uses in assessing the efficacy of the binding agent or blocking agent by using the specific epitope.

The invention provides methods of diagnosing and treating multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, including methods of identifying and treating multiple sclerosis patients who are at increased risk of developing a secondary autoimmune disease following lymphocyte depletion, caused, e.g., by treatment with an anti-CD52 antibody. Also embraced are methods of selecting treatment regimens for MS patients, and reagents useful in the above methods.