A toner contains an amorphous polyester resin with an SP value of from 11.0 to 11.5 (cal/cm.sup.3).sup.1/2, a styrene resin with an SP value of from 9.5 to 10.5 (cal/cm.sup.3).sup.1/2, and a hydrocarbon wax, wherein the molecular weight distribution of the toner soluble in tetrahydrofuran has the main peak between 3,500 to 5,500 as measured by gel permeation chromatography.

Described herein is a method for manufacturing a low gloss toner. The method includes mixing a resin, a colorant and an optional wax in water to form an emulsion. The emulsion is heated in the presence of a polyion coagulant to form a plurality of aggregated particles, wherein the heating is to a temperature of below the glass transition temperature of the resin. Trisodium citrate dihydrate is added to the heated emulsion in amount of from 0.4 weight percent to about 1.0 percent by weight based on of a total weight of reagents while stirring, wherein the trisodium citrate dihydrate. The aggregated particles are heated to a temperature above the glass transition temperature of the resin to form toner particles have a volume average particle diameter of from 4.3 microns to 4.9 microns.

An electrostatic-image developer includes a toner and a resin-coated carrier. The toner includes toner particles including a binder resin, a release agent, and a non-ionic surfactant. The resin-coated carrier includes magnetic particles and a resin layer covering the magnetic particles. The resin layer includes inorganic particles having a volume resistivity of 110.sup.0 .Math.cm or more and 110.sup.4 .Math.cm or less.

A toner for electrophotography includes a toner particle including a binder resin, a colorant, and a releasing agent, and an additive material including a quantum dot-inorganic particle composite. The additive material is attached to an external surface of the toner particle. The quantum dot-inorganic particle composite includes quantum dot particles and inorganic particles present between the quantum dot particles.

Provided is a toner has a toner particle containing a binder resin and is characterized in that the binder resin contains a polymer A, which is a polymer of a composition containing a first polymerizable monomer, a second polymerizable monomer and a crosslinking agent, the first polymerizable monomer is at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of (meth)acrylic acid esters having an alkyl group with 18 to 36 carbon atoms, the crosslinking agent has two or more polymerizable double bonds, a content of the first polymerizable monomer in the composition is 5.0 to 60.0 mol %, a content of the second polymerizable monomer is 20.0 to 95.0 mol %, and when the SP values of the first polymerizable monomer, the second polymerizable monomer and the crosslinking agent are denoted by SP.sub.12, SP.sub.22 and SP.sub.C2, respectively, the formulae 0.60(SP.sub.22SP.sub.12)15.00 and SP.sub.12<SP.sub.C2<(SP.sub.22+3.00) are satisfied.

Provided is a positive-charging toner having a toner particle that contains a binder resin, the binder resin contains a polymer A having a first monomer unit derived from a first polymerizable monomer, and a second monomer unit derived from a second polymerizable monomer, the first polymerizable monomer is at least one selected from the group consisting of (meth)acrylic acid esters having a C18 to C36 alkyl group, the content of the first monomer unit in the polymer A is 5.0 to 60.0 mol % and the content of the second monomer unit is 20.0 to 95.0 mol %, SP.sub.11 of the first monomer unit and SP.sub.21 of the second monomer unit satisfy 3.00(SP.sub.21SP.sub.11)25.00, and the work function of the toner is 5.0 to 5.4 V.

Provided is a toner for electrophotography. The toner includes a toner particle including a binder resin, a colorant, and a releasing agent, and an additive attached to an external surface of the toner particle. The additive includes a quantum dot-inorganic particle composite including a quantum dot and an inorganic particle.

A toner has a toner particle including a binder resin, the binder resin includes a polymer A, the polymer A contains a first monomer unit derived from a first polymerizable monomer and a second monomer unit derived from a second polymerizable monomer, the first polymerizable monomer is selected from (meth)acrylic acid esters having an alkyl group having 18 to 36 carbon atoms, the content of the first monomer unit in the polymer A is 5.0 mol % to 60.0 mol %, the content of the second monomer unit in the polymer A is 20.0 mol % to 95.0 mol %, the SP value of the first monomer unit and the SP value of the second monomer unit satisfy a predetermined relationship, the polymer A includes a predetermined polyvalent metal, and the content of the polyvalent metal is 25 ppm to 500 ppm.

An image forming apparatus includes an image holding member, a charging unit that charges a surface of the image holding member, an electrostatic charge image forming unit that forms an electrostatic charge image on the charged surface of the image holding member, a developing unit that includes an electrostatic charge image developing toner and that develops the electrostatic charge image on the surface of the image holding member with the electrostatic chare image developing toner to form a toner image, an intermediate transfer body that has a circumferential surface having a plurality of grooves and an average in-plane roughness ranging from 10 nm to 30 nm, a first transfer unit that first transfers the toner image formed on the surface of the image holding member to a surface of the intermediate transfer body, and a second transfer unit that second transfers the toner image transferred to the surface of the intermediate transfer body to a recording medium, wherein the electrostatic charge image developing toner satisfies the following formulae
(ln (T1)ln (T2))/(T1T2)0.14,
(ln (T2)ln (T3))/(T2T3)0.15, and
(ln (T1)ln (T2))/(T1T2)<(ln (T2)ln (T3))/(T2T3),
wherein (T1) represents a viscosity of the electrostatic charge image developing toner at 60 C., (T2) represents a viscosity of the electrostatic charge image developing toner at 90 C., and (T3) represents a viscosity of the electrostatic charge image developing toner at 130 C.

A support material toner particle for use in xerographic additive manufacturing includes a .Iadd.PVA polymer blend including a .Iaddend.polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer and blend-additives including a chitosan and a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), the amount of blend-additives is selected to adjust the T.sub.g of the PVA polymer .Iadd.blend .Iaddend.to be within about 1 C. to about 20 C. of a desired build material toner T.sub.g. A xerographic toner system includes a build toner material and a support toner material, the support toner material includes .Iadd.a PVA polymer blend including .Iaddend.a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer and blend-additives including a chitosan and a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), the amount of blend-additives is selected to adjust the T.sub.g of the PVA polymer .Iadd.blend .Iaddend.to be within about 1 C. to about 20 C. of the build material toner T.sub.g. A method of making a support toner material includes blending polyvinyl alcohol with blend additives including a chitosan and polyvinylpyrrolidone and forming support toner particles after the blending step.