A storage system includes a NAND storage media and a nonvolatile storage media as a write buffer for the NAND storage media. The write buffer is partitioned, where the partitions are to buffer write data based on a classification of a received write request. Write requests are placed in the write buffer partition with other write requests of the same classification. The partitions have a size at least equal to the size of an erase unit of the NAND storage media. The write buffer flushes a partition once it has an amount of write data equal to the size of the erase unit.

A storage method includes determining layers that are to be merged in a database; determining a data block that is to be modified based on files of the layers that are to be merged in the database; reading a corresponding data block in the memory and reorganizing the read data block, according to a key corresponding to the data block that is to be modified; replacing the data block that is to be modified in the memory with the reorganized data block, when byte size of the reorganized data block does not exceed a first preset value; and storing the key and statistical information of the reorganized data block in a corresponding file of the database.

A plurality of zone reset counters and a global reset counter are maintained. A zone reset counter represents a number of times a respective zone of a memory device has been reset. The global reset counter represents a measure of central tendency of the plurality of zone reset counters. A write command directed to a target zone of the memory device is received, and responsive to determining that a target portion of the target zone is not open, a value of the zone reset counter of het target zone is compared to the value of the global reset counter. If the value of the target zone reset counter equals or exceeds the value of the global reset counter, a portion from a free block list is allocated to the target zone. The allocated portion has a highest program erase count among the one or more portions in free block list.

A system and method is disclosed for managing data in a non-volatile memory. The system may include a non-volatile memory having multiple non-volatile memory sub-drives. A controller of the memory system is configured to route incoming host data to a desired sub-drive, keep data within the same sub-drive as its source during a garbage collection operation, and re-map data between sub-drives, separate from any garbage collection operation, when a sub-drive overflows its designated amount logical address space. The method may include initial data sorting of host writes into sub-drives based on any number of hot/cold sorting functions. In one implementation, the initial host write data sorting may be based on a host list of recently written blocks for each sub-drive and a second write to a logical address encompassed by the list may trigger routing the host write to a hotter sub-drive than the current sub-drive.

Storage devices are configured to be utilized in a variety of blockchain related activities that rely on a proof of space consensus model. These storage devices are required to process a lot of read and write cycles on their memory devices to generate the desired proof of space consensus data. The generation and storing of this generated data requires very different types of memory device usage. Storage devices may be configured with a first partition for high-speed access for generating the data, while a second partition is also configured for long-term storage of the generated data. As memory devices reach their estimated end-of-life, they can be dynamically reassigned to the second partition. Likewise, some storage devices may be equipped with multiple memory arrays of different types of memory devices. One set of memory devices can be used for generation, while cheaper, write-once or few memory devices are provided for storage.

An information processing apparatus that is capable of reducing deterioration of usability resulting from booting in a boot mode that is different from a boot mode of the last boot time. The information processing apparatus includes a memory, a storage unit that stores a swap file used as a substituted storage area of the memory, and at least one processor that executes instructions stored in the memory to set either of a first boot mode that preferentially secures an area storing a temporary file in the storage unit and a second boot mode that preferentially secures an area storing the swap file in the storage unit, and adjust a size of the swap file depending on a boot mode set.

Several embodiments of memory devices and systems having a variable logical memory capacity are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a memory device can include a plurality of memory regions that collectively define a physical memory capacity and a controller operably coupled to the plurality of memory regions. The controller is configured to advertise a first logical memory capacity to a host device, determine that at least one of the memory regions is at or near end of life, and in response to the determination—send a notification to the host device that a logical memory capacity of the memory device will be reduced and then retire the at least one of the memory regions.

An electronic device includes a controller; and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium configured to store operation codes for causing the controller to execute processes. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium includes a plurality of memory blocks. The processes include grouping the plurality of memory blocks into a plurality of super blocks; selecting a first super block among the plurality of super blocks depending on one or more logical addresses corresponding to write-requested data, and writing the data; and mapping the first super block to a first logical address range. The first logical address range is configured by successive addresses corresponding to a super block size, and a start address of the successive addresses is a start logical address of the one or more logical addresses.

A memory sub-system performs a first media management operation among a plurality of individual data units of a memory device after a first interval, the first media management operation comprising a first algebraic mapping function, and performs a second media management operation among a first plurality of groups of data units of the memory device after a second interval, wherein a first group of the first plurality of groups comprises the plurality of individual data units, the second media management operation comprising a second algebraic mapping function.

Staging data on a storage element integrating fast durable storage and bulk durable storage, including: receiving, at a storage element integrating fast durable storage and bulk durable storage, a data storage operation from a host computer; storing data corresponding to the data storage operation within fast durable storage in accordance with a first data resiliency technique; and responsive to detecting a condition for transferring data between fast durable storage and bulk durable storage, transferring the data from fast durable storage to bulk durable storage in accordance with a second data resiliency technique.