Nanostructured microelectrodes and biosensing devices incorporating the same are disclosed herein.

The present invention relates a setting method for a conducting element of an electrochemical test strip and electrochemical test strip thereof. An inspection body is formed by injection molding polymer plastic materials to coat with the plurality of conducting elements, and an external contact surface on an information outputting end of the conducting element is exposed from an inspection slot of the inspection body, so that the information outputting end of the conducting element is extended from the inspection body. Eventually, the information outputting end is bent to fix on a surface of the inspection body. The present invention is not complex and has more precision and convenience, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced efficiently, so that wide application can be expected in the near future.

The present invention relates a setting method for a conductive object of electrochemical test strip. In the embodiment, this manufacturing process is not complex, convenient, and has well precision, such that the cost of manufacturing an electrochemical test strip is reduced effectively, and the disadvantage of past manufacturing process is improved. The present invention is highly applied and convenient, so that wide application can be expected in the future.

An electrochemical test strip, measurement system and method for determining sample content in the reactive region of the electrochemical test strip are presented. The electrochemical test strip comprises an insulator substrate which includes an electrode system disposed thereon. The electrode system includes at least one pair of electrodes. A lower plate which includes a reactive region and a sampling cell is disposed on the insulator substrate. An upper plate is disposed on the lower plate, wherein the at least one pair of electrodes is designed as an electrical loop adjacent to the sampling port.

The present invention relates to systems, methods, and devices for determining the concentration of an analyte in a sample. The use of linear, cyclic, or acyclic voltammetric scans and/or semi-integral, derivative, or semi-derivative data treatment may provide for increased accuracy when determining the concentration of an analyte in a sample. Hematocrit compensation in combination with the data treatments may reduce the hematocrit effect with regard to a glucose analysis in whole blood. In another aspect, fast scan rates may reduce the hematocrit effect.

A system for the electrochemical detection of creatinine levels includes a test strip including an electrode and a counter electrode, the electrode and counter electrode located proximate to a sample reception area; and a coating on one of the electrode and counter electrode, the coating including a reagent coating for creatinine.

Test strip and method of operating thereof are provided. The test strip, from the top down, comprises a cover, an insulating layer, an electrode set, and a substrate. More particularly, the electrode set at least comprises a first electrode, a second electrode, and a third electrode. The insulating layer comprises a track, and the cover comprises an inlet, an indication line, and at least one vent. With the third electrode and the indication line in accordance with the present invention, a user may confirm the operation status of the test strip and the loading status of biological samples with ease to improve the accuracy of testing.

Test sensors, methods, and systems are described that include a first electrode pair having either two active electrodes or an inactive working electrode paired with an active counter electrode. These active electrodes are different than having an electron transfer mediator on an inactive electrode because in addition to the structural differences between an electrode directly in contact with the conductors of the test sensor verses a reagent coating, there are chemical and functional differences. The active electrodes are formed from an electrode core material including an element that loses or acquires electrons during the analysis and directly participates in the electrochemical reaction of the sample. As the active electrodes are insoluble in the sample during the analysis, an electrochemically stable potential is provided by the active electrodes that can reliably operate at higher operating potentials than conventional electron transfer mediator reagents coated on an inactive electrode.

There is described a method of detecting or determining volumetric sufficiency in an electrochemical test strip having at least first and second conductive elements. The method comprises depositing or applying a fluid sample on the test strip, the test strip being arranged so as to allow the applied sample to flow from one of the conductive elements into contact with the other of the conductive elements and thereby form an electrical connection or other electrical continuity therebetween. The method further comprises applying a potential difference across the first and second conductive elements. A voltage across a capacitive element connected to one of the first and second conductive elements is then measured. The invention is able to provide a reliable means of establishing a point in time at which electrical continuity between two or more conductive elements (for example electrodes) of an electrochemical test strip is deemed to have occurred.

An oxidation-reduction substance equilibrium potential estimating method is provided, the method including: applying a voltage to an electrode contacting a sample containing an oxidation-reduction substance and sweeping the voltage; measuring a current flowing through the electrode; if an integrated value of the current becomes a value within a reference range, determining whether to sweep the voltage in an opposite direction to a sweep direction in the previous sweeping or to terminate sweeping of the voltage; if it is determined to terminate sweeping of the voltage, estimating an oxidation-reduction substance equilibrium potential at a value of the voltage; and if it is determined to sweep the voltage, sweeping the voltage in an opposite direction to a sweep direction in the previous sweeping.