Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) may include applying a periodic excitation signal via an electrode of a CGM sensor to human interstitial fluid to drive an oxidation/reduction reaction, and measuring the current through the electrode. In some embodiments, the measured current is sampled and digitized, and various harmonics of the excitation signal's fundamental frequency are extracted. A set of relationships of at least two harmonics each is generated from the spectral amplitudes of a set of pairs, triplets, etc., of the harmonics, and the set of relationships is mapped to a glucose concentration such as based on the contents of a harmonic relationship database having a pre-existing set of harmonic relationships and glucose concentrations to which those sets of harmonic relationships correspond, for example. Numerous other embodiments are provided.

The present invention relates to systems, methods, and devices for determining the concentration of an analyte in a sample. The use of linear, cyclic, or acyclic voltammetric scans and/or semi-integral, derivative, or semi-derivative data treatment may provide for increased accuracy when determining the concentration of an analyte in a sample. Hematocrit compensation in combination with the data treatments may reduce the hematocrit effect with regard to a glucose analysis in whole blood. In another aspect, fast scan rates may reduce the hematocrit effect.

A system for the electrochemical detection of creatinine levels includes a test strip including an electrode and a counter electrode, the electrode and counter electrode located proximate to a sample reception area; and a coating on one of the electrode and counter electrode, the coating including a reagent coating for creatinine.

Test strip and method of operating thereof are provided. The test strip, from the top down, comprises a cover, an insulating layer, an electrode set, and a substrate. More particularly, the electrode set at least comprises a first electrode, a second electrode, and a third electrode. The insulating layer comprises a track, and the cover comprises an inlet, an indication line, and at least one vent. With the third electrode and the indication line in accordance with the present invention, a user may confirm the operation status of the test strip and the loading status of biological samples with ease to improve the accuracy of testing.

There is described a method of detecting or determining volumetric sufficiency in an electrochemical test strip having at least first and second conductive elements. The method comprises depositing or applying a fluid sample on the test strip, the test strip being arranged so as to allow the applied sample to flow from one of the conductive elements into contact with the other of the conductive elements and thereby form an electrical connection or other electrical continuity therebetween. The method further comprises applying a potential difference across the first and second conductive elements. A voltage across a capacitive element connected to one of the first and second conductive elements is then measured. The invention is able to provide a reliable means of establishing a point in time at which electrical continuity between two or more conductive elements (for example electrodes) of an electrochemical test strip is deemed to have occurred.

An oxidation-reduction substance equilibrium potential estimating method is provided, the method including: applying a voltage to an electrode contacting a sample containing an oxidation-reduction substance and sweeping the voltage; measuring a current flowing through the electrode; if an integrated value of the current becomes a value within a reference range, determining whether to sweep the voltage in an opposite direction to a sweep direction in the previous sweeping or to terminate sweeping of the voltage; if it is determined to terminate sweeping of the voltage, estimating an oxidation-reduction substance equilibrium potential at a value of the voltage; and if it is determined to sweep the voltage, sweeping the voltage in an opposite direction to a sweep direction in the previous sweeping.

Subject matter herein can include identifying a biochemical test strip assembly electrically, such as using the same test circuitry as can be used to perform an electrochemical measurement, without requiring use of optical techniques. The identification can include using information about a measured susceptance of an identification feature included as a portion of the test strip assembly. The identification can be used by test circuitry to select test parameters or calibration values, or to select an appropriate test protocol for the type of test strip coupled to the test circuitry. The identification can be used by the test circuitry to validate or reject a test strip assembly, such as to inhibit use of test strips that fail meet one or more specified criteria.

A patient monitoring network pertaining to blood glucose and other analyte measurements includes wireless blood glucose or other analyte measuring devices and a networked computer or server. Each monitoring device is associated with a patient and is configured to measure the glucose level or other analyte from a given blood sample via inserted test strips, transmit the measurements to the networked computer, and display received messages. The blood glucose monitoring device includes means for substantially reducing factors that could affect the glucose measurement such as thermal and RF interference.

The present invention relates to systems and methods that utilize a combination of immunoassay and magnetic immunoassay techniques to detect an analyte within an extended range of specified concentrations. In particular, a device includes a housing, a heterogeneous surface capture immunosensor within the housing and configured to generate a first signal indicative of the concentration of the analyte in an upper concentration range, and a homogeneous magnetic bead capture immunosensor within the housing and configured to generate a second signal indicative of the concentration of the analyte in a lower concentration range.

Electrochemical impedance-based label-free and rapid biosensor for select bodily fluid biomolecule levels. Monoclonal antibodies to of biomolecule such as Cortisol were covalently attached to a 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid functionalized gold working electrode using zero-length crosslinkers N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N-ethylcarbodiimide and 10 mM N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide. Cortisol was detected in phosphate buffered saline (simulated tear fluid) using a simple ferrocyanide reagent with a lower limit of detection of 18.73 pM and less than 10% relative standard deviation.