According to a pad which is used for an immunochromatographic device for extracting a substance to be detected contained in a detection target in an analyte with nitrous acid and which contains an acid anhydride having vapor pressure at 25° C. of 5×10.sup.−2 Pa or less and solubility in water at 25° C. of 0.1 mg/L or more, the storage stability is improved; a substance to be detected contained in an analyte is detected with high sensitivity; and the complexity of production is reduced.

The present invention generally relates to droplet libraries and to systems and methods for the formation of libraries of droplets. The present invention also relates to methods utilizing these droplet libraries in various biological, chemical, or diagnostic assays.

Assays and methods for verifying the validity of a urine sample submitted for Drugs of Abuse (DOA) testing. Embodiments include a SUD Diagnostic Panel that includes six assays: specific gravity index assay, long-duration counterfeit urine assay, short-duration counterfeit urine assay, oxidant history assay, pH assay, and creatinine assay. The SUD Diagnostic Panel detects twelve principle classes of adulteration. Detection of adulteration of one or more urine samples from a patient indicates an attempt to subvert test results and provides an objective indication in one instance and an object diagnosis in another instance of SUD.

A method of solvent-induced protein precipitation (SIP) for detecting the interaction of ligands with proteins in a complex protein sample. After the equal amount of solvent is added to the protein samples with and without a ligand to denature and precipitate the proteins, the protein abundances in supernatant and/or precipitate in the ligand group and the control group are measured by quantitative technology. The target protein(s) of a ligand is/are determined by comparing the differences of protein abundances in the ligand group and the control group. The affinity between a ligand and its targets can be evaluated by dose dependent experiments. This method does not require the chemical modification of the ligand and has the feature of high specificity. Furthermore, in certain embodiments, the targets identified by SIP method are complementary to those identified by thermal proteome profiling (TPP) method.

The present invention includes an in-situ method, comprising a) determining a molecule selected from the group consisting of cell surface molecules and extracellular matrix molecules in a two- or three-dimensional cell culture system comprising living cells and cell culture medium, comprising the steps of i) providing an analyte probe consisting of a detection element, which binds the molecule, and one or more identification elements; ii) binding of the analyte probe to the molecule in the cell culture system, wherein the growth ability of the contained living cells is not substantially impaired by this step; iii) optionally removing unbound analyte probes; iv) releasing the analyte probe; v) transferring the analyte probe into a container which differs from the cell culture system; vi) detecting the identification element(s); and b) continuing the cell cultivation in the cell culture system.

The present invention provides a multitude of biomacromolecule solubility screening kits, and methods of using such kits. Such kits provide a substantial improvement over presently available kits and methods and provide a substantial decrease in the amounts of biomacromolecules required to run such solubility screening.

The present invention relates to an ELISA-based, liquid-phase immunoassay apparatus optimized for detecting particular ingredients contained in a biological sample, etc., and a method therefor.

Herein is reported a method for determining the binding affinity of the binding sites of a bivalent full length antibody of the human IgG1 subclass to a homo-multimeric antigen comprising the steps of i) incubating a mixture comprising the antibody and a polypeptide that is derived from lysine-gingipain of Porphyromonas gingivalis at a pH of from pH 7.5 to pH 8.5, in the presence of a reducing agent, at a temperature of from 30° C. to 42° C., for time of from 10 min. to 240 min. to cleave the antibody into Fabs and Fc-region, and ii) determining the binding affinity of the Fabs of the antibody for its antigen using a surface plasmon resonance method by directly applying the incubated reaction mixture obtained in the previous step in the surface plasmon resonance method and therewith determining the binding affinity of the binding sites of the bivalent full length antibody of the human IgG1 subclass.

Described herein are methods, compositions, kits, and systems for detecting free and bound PlGF, and using detection of such species to distinguish between pregnant women with or without preeclampsia or related conditions.

The present invention relates to an automated immunoassay device for detecting particular ingredients contained in a biological sample, and a method therefor.