Compositions and methods which inhibit the expression of the TMEM92 gene or which inhibits the function of die TMEM92 protein can be used for treating, diagnosing and monitoring disease, for example cancer.

The present invention relates to a method for diagnosing the lung cancers such as non small lung cancer in a subject by using isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 as a diagnostic biomarker. The present invention also relates to a method for predicting the prognosis of the lung cancers such as non small lung cancer in a subject by using isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 as a prognostic biomarker. The present invention further relates to a method to suppress proliferation of lung tumor cells in a subject, decrease growth of lung tumor cells in a subject, or improve survival of a subject with lung cancer by using isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 as a therapeutic target.

Compositions and methods useful in determining the major morphological types of lung cancer are provided. The methods include detecting expression of at least one gene or biomarker in a sample. The expression of the gene or biomarker is indicative of the lung tumor subtype. The compositions include subsets of genes that are monitored for gene expression. The gene expression is capable of distinguishing between normal lung parenchyma and the major morphological types of lung cancer. The gene expression and somatic mutation data are useful in developing a complete classification of lung cancer that is prognostic and predictive for therapeutic response. The methods are suited for analysis of paraffin-embedded tissues. Methods of the invention include means for monitoring gene or biomarker expression including PCR and antibody-based detection. The biomarkers of the invention are genes and/or proteins that are selectively expressed at a high or low level in certain tumor subtypes. Biomarker expression can be assessed at the protein or nucleic acid level.

Certain embodiments of the invention provide a method of detecting the presence of a biomarker associated with resistance to an mTOR kinase inhibitor in a subject, comprising determining the presence of the biomarker in a physiological sample from the subject, wherein the sample comprises a nucleic acid.

Isolated or recombinant Eph A5 or GRP78 targeting antibodies are provided. In some cases, antibodies of the embodiments can be used for the detection, diagnosis and/or therapeutic treatment of human diseases, such as cancer. A method of rapidly identifying antibodies or antibody fragments for the treatment of cancer using a combination of in vitro and in vivo methodologies is also provided.

The present invention relates to an aptamer comprising a nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 1, a composition comprising an aptamer, and the use of the aptamer in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, particularly solid tumors.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by chronic airflow limitation, is a serious and growing public health concern. The major environmental risk factor for COPD is cigarette smoking, but the biological mechanisms underlying COPD are not well understood. Herein, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (.sup.1H-NMR) spectroscopy is used in methods to identify metabolites and biomarkers associated with lung function in COPD.

The present application relates to use of hexokinase-2 and a kit for detecting rare tumor cells in body fluid sample. The present application, based on a principle of abnormal tumor cell energy metabolism, conducts a vitro detection by using a glycolysis marker hexokinase-2 (HK2) as a marker, and assists localization and selection of the rare tumor cells by an addressable microporous array chip or a glass sheet, so as to implement a detection on rare tumor cells having high glycolysis activity in a cancer patient's body fluid sample. The detection method of present application allows to detect rare tumor cells having high glycolysis activity in the human body fluid sample, especially detect circulating tumor cells of an interstitial origin tumor and the circulating tumor cells having epithelial-interstitial transformation in epithelial origin tumors, thereby covering the shortage of traditional detection against the circulating tumor cells based on an epithelial marker, and providing a technical basis for better application of cancer liquid biopsy in clinic.

The present invention provides methods for diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer using expression analysis of one or more groups of genes, and a combination of expression analysis from a nasal epithelial cell sample. The methods of the invention provide far less invasive method with a superior detection accuracy for lung cancer when compared to any other currently available method for lung cancer diagnostic or prognosis. The invention also provides methods of diagnosis and prognosis of other lung diseases, such as lung cancer.

The present invention relates to the sialyltransferase ST3GAL6 for use as a biomarker for multiple myeloma, and especially as a marker for myelomas with inferior survival rates. The inventors have shown that glycosylation gene expression is dysregulated in Multiple Myeloma and that overexpression of the sialyltransferase ST3GAL6 is associated with inferior survival rates in patients.