The present disclosure relates to compositions and methods for the diagnosis and treatment or prevention of cancers, particularly cancers that exhibit arm-level loss of chromosome 16q, focal copy loss of 16q13 and/or low expression of metallothionein proteins, such as certain uterine, ovarian, gastroesophageal and lung cancers. Three known drugs, disulfiram, elesclomol and thiram, as well as certain disulfiram metabolites, are specifically provided for killing cancer cells characterized by arm-level loss of chromosome 16q, focal copy loss of 16q13 and/or low expression of metallothioneins. The instant disclosure therefore provides for selecting and/or administering disulfiram, elesclomol and thiram and/or active metabolites or derivatives of disulfiram, elesclomol and thiram as a therapeutic agent(s) to target a cancer cell and/or subject having or at risk of developing a cancer. Methods and compositions for therapies that include such compounds are also provided.

Disclosed herein a female hygienic device for diagnosing and/or monitoring cancer, comprising at least one absorption zone for accumulating vaginal discharge; and at least one indication zone comprising at least one agent for visually reacting with a physiological marker, the physiologic marker is indicative of a cancerous condition.

In aspects, the disclosure provides a method of differentiating a malignant tumor from a non-malignant tumor in a mammal having a tumor comprising determining in a sample from the mammal the level of one or more of: (1) transthyretin (TTR) RNA or protein, (2) dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2) RNA or protein, and (3) G-protein coupled receptor 179 (GPR179) RNA or protein.

Provided herein is a method for the detection and isolation of metastatic cells from a sample obtained from a subject. Also provided is a device comprising a microchip for use in the method. Also provided is a method of isolating the metastatic cells for culture and characterization. Provided herein is a kit for the method therein.

The present invention relates to methods for detecting the presence or absence of a gynaecological cancer in a subject, the method (a) comprising obtaining a non-invasive sample isolated from the subject; and (b) treating the non-invasive sample to release at least one biomarker from cells in the non-invasive sample. The present invention also relates to lysis buffers, monoclonal antibodies, and kits that can be used in such methods. The present invention also relates to a method for diagnosing a subject as having a gynaecological cancer or a benign gynaecological condition. The present invention also relates to a method for distinguishing between a non-invasive sample associated with a gynaecological cancer and a non-invasive sample associated with a benign gynaecological cancer. The present invention further relates to a method for stratifying a subject into one of two treatment groups.

The invention relates to a device and a method for cancer detection and screening, based on analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds emitted by certain cancerous tumors. The device and method provide high sensitivity and specificity analyses. The sample to be analysed may be e.g. blood or blood plasma. In one aspect, the invention is directed towards detection of or screening for gynaecological cancers, e.g. ovarian cancer. Particularly, the device comprises the following parts: a sample holder for a fluid or solid body sample; an air inlet; a detector tube comprising 4×4-16×4 sensors; optionally an individual potentiometer connected to each sensor of the detector tube; an analogue to digital signal converter; four control cards; a computer-based program for the registration and statistical calculation of results; and an electricity source.

An in vitro method for diagnosing a urological cancer comprising the comparison of a secretome of isolated cells from a urine sample from a patient to be diagnosed with respect: either to a reference secretome obtained from secretions of healthy isolated cells from a urine sample from a healthy person, or to a reference secretome obtained from secretions of healthy cells which are derivatives of standard cell line cultures, characteristic of a determined urological organ, the secretome and the reference secretome being constituted of all the components forming the respective secretions thereof.

The disclosure provides novel personalized therapies, kits, transmittable forms of information and methods for use in treating patients having cancer, wherein the cancer is amenable to therapeutic treatment with an inhibitor, e.g., an inhibitor of any of the targets disclosed herein. Kits, methods of screening for candidate inhibitors, and associated methods of treatment are also provided.

Biomarkers are provided that are predictive of a subject's responsiveness to a combination therapy comprising lenvatinib compound and a PD-1 antagonist. The biomarkers, compositions, and methods described herein are useful in selecting appropriate treatment modalities for a subject having, suspected of having, or at risk of developing cancer.

Methods and apparatus for identifying disease status according to various aspects of the present invention include analyzing the levels of one or more biomarkers. The methods and apparatus may use biomarker data for a condition-positive cohort and a condition-negative cohort and select multiple relevant biomarkers from the plurality of biomarkers. The system may generate a statistical model for determining the disease status according to differences between the biomarker data for the relevant biomarkers of the respective cohorts. The methods and apparatus may also facilitate ascertaining the disease status of an individual by producing a composite score for an individual patient and comparing the patient's composite score to one or more thresholds for identifying potential disease status.