The invention provides methods and compositions, including, without limitation, algorithms, computer readable media, computer programs, apparatus, and systems for determining the identity of nucleic acids in nucleotide sequences using, for example, data obtained from sequencing by synthesis methods. A plurality of smaller flow cells is employed, each with a relatively small area to be imaged, in order to provide greater flexibility and efficiency.

A fluorescent bionanocomposite is provided, as well as a composition and method of synthesis of fluorescent bionanocomposite for selective stain for gram negative bacteria.

Spatially distributed optical excitation and integrated waveguides are used for ultrasensitive particle detection based on individual electrokinetic velocities of particles. In some embodiments, chip-integrated systems are used to identify individual particles (e.g., individual molecules) based on their velocity as they move through an optically interrogated channel. Molecular species may be identified and quantified in a fully integrated setting, allowing for particle analysis including molecular analysis that can operate at low copy numbers down to the level of single-cell lysates. In some embodiments, the single-particle velocimetry-based identification and/or separation techniques are applied to various diagnostic assays, including nucleic acids, metabolites, macromolecules, organelles, cell, synthetic markers, small molecules, organic polymers, hormones, peptides, antibodies, lipids, carbohydrates, inorganic and organic microparticles and nanoparticles, whole viruses, and any combination thereof.

A portable system for extracting, optionally amplifying, and detecting nucleic acids or proteins using a compact integrated chip in combination with a mobile device system for analyzing detected signals, and comparing and distributing the results via a wireless network. Related systems and methods are provided.

Methods for detecting and/or discriminating between variants of an antibody contaminating protein or multiple antibodies in a sample by a physical parameter, in which the method includes: separating protein components of a sample by molecular weight or charge in one or more capillaries using capillary electrophoresis; immobilizing the protein components of the sample within the one or more capillaries; contacting the protein components within the one or more capillaries with one or more primary antibodies that specifically bind to the antibody, the contaminating protein or multiple antibodies in the sample, thereby detecting and/or discriminating between variants in the sample.

An apparatus for glycan analysis is disclosed. The apparatus includes a plurality of loading wells adapted to receive a plurality of samples; a plurality of capillaries arranged in correspondence with the loading wells, each of the capillaries including a first portion including a stacking gel and a second portion including a resolving gel; and a plurality of eluting wells arranged in correspondence with the capillaries and adapted to receive a portion of the samples having traversed the capillaries.

A computer-implemented method for determining minor variants. The method includes receiving electropherogram sequence data from a test sample, identifying any non-primary peaks in the electropherogram, and characterizing identified non-primary peaks using at least one signal feature. The method may further include analyzing the at least one signal feature across identified non-primary peaks to identify variant candidates, evaluating at least one peak characteristic of each of the identified variant candidates, and classifying variant candidates as bona fide variants based on the evaluation of peak characteristics.

MCE assays and reagents to assess purity and to identify impurities in protein drug product samples are provided. Methods for analyzing analytes in a protein drug sample are provided.

An ITP-based system and a method are provided. ITP is used to focus a sample of interest and deliver a high concentration target to a pre-functionalized surface comprising immobilized probes, thus enabling rapid reaction at the sensor site.

The present invention addresses the problem of providing a means for making highly sensitive and stable measurements possible using electrochemical measurement methods. This problem is resolved by providing: a labeling substance represented by general formula (1) and used to label a substrate; a measurement substrate that is formed by being labeled using the labeling substance; a method of measuring using electrochemical measurement methods that use the measurement substrate; and a reagent kit that includes as components the labeling substance and/or the measurement substrate. ##STR00001##
(In general formula (1), R.sub.1 is either H or an alkyl group (C.sub.mH.sub.2m+1), m is an integer of 1-4, R.sub.2 is an alkyl group (C.sub.nH.sub.2n+1), and n is an integer of 1-4.)