A heater device includes a heat generating part that generates heat by energization, and a detection unit. The detection unit detects whether or not a distance between an object around the heat generating part and the heat generating part is equal to or less than a first detection distance with a first detection sensitivity, and whether or not the distance between the object around the heat generating part and the heat generating part is equal to or less than a second detection distance shorter than the first detection distance with a second detection sensitivity that is less sensitive than the first detection sensitivity.

An electric resistance radiant furnace is disclosed. Solid ceramic panel emitters having electric resistance wires embedded therein produce heat. A blower receives air from a return duct. Metallic screens are located between the panel emitters. A thermostat is connected to the wires and the blower. Heat is produced by each panel emitter. Part of the heat produced is radiated from the ceramic body to the metallic screens. Air flows in a parallel manner between the panel emitters and along the metallic-screens. The thermostat heat buildup by turning on the panel emitters controlling the blower. A short cycle air pass conduit accepts a portion of heated air from between the multiple panel emitters and to convey the portion of heated air to the return duct, such that the portion of heated air is mixed with return air, and a temperature of the return air provided to the blower is elevated.

The invention relates to a method for producing molded parts, wherein semifinished product is heated in a heating device and is subsequently fed to a shaping machine. The heating device has a closed housing having a door or has a separately closable opening. The heating device optionally has a dividable housing, in the case of which the housing components can be moved away from each other in order to form an opening and can be moved toward each other in order to form a closed housing. One or more radiant heaters, in particular infrared radiant heaters, are provided in the interior of the housing. Semifinished product is introduced into the interior of the housing and radiant heat produced by the radiant heaters is applied thereto, said semifinished product is heated, and said semifinished product is subsequently removed from the housing. Thermal convection, which is directed substantially upward in the housing, is produced in the interior of the housing. According to the invention, an air flow counteracting the thermal convention, in particular an air flow directed substantially downward in the interior of the housing, is produced in the interior of the housing.

A construction panel contains at least one insulation layer, at least one active thermal layer containing at least an electrical heating and/or an electrical cooling element, and a connector for connecting the at least one active thermal layer to a source of electrical current. The active thermal layer is preferably an active heating or cooling layer.

An aerosol generation device and an infrared heater are provided. The aerosol generation device includes a chamber configured to receive an aerosol forming substrate, at least one infrared heater, and a battery cell providing power to the infrared heater, where the infrared heater includes: a carbon material heating film, configured to radiate infrared to the chamber, to heat the aerosol forming substrate received in the chamber; a support member, configured to support the carbon material heating film; a conductive element, configured to provide the power to the carbon material heating film; and an anti-oxidization layer, formed on at least a part of a surface of the carbon material heating film and covering a part of the conductive element. The anti-oxidization layer covers the carbon material heating film and a part of the conductive element to avoid problem that it is easy for an oxidization reaction to occur in carbon material.

The present disclosure discloses an infrared radiation slurry and an infrared radiation heating element based on the infrared radiation slurry. Raw materials of the infrared radiation slurry include high infrared radiance materials, a conductive material and a substrate adhesive. The raw materials are evenly mixed, coated on a quartz glass tube, and carbonized to obtain the infrared radiation heating element. The present disclosure utilizes the compounded infrared radiation slurry to form a coating on a glass substrate with uniform components, uniform and controllable resistance, high conversion efficiency of electrothermal radiation, and strong adhesion, thereby achieving excellent performance of the obtained infrared radiation heating element.

A thermal emitter includes a freestanding membrane supported by a substrate, wherein the freestanding membrane includes in a lateral extension a center section, a conductive intermediate section and a border section, wherein the conductive intermediate section laterally surrounds the center section and is electrically isolated from the center section, the conductive intermediate section including a conductive semiconductor material that is encapsulated in an insulating material, wherein the border section at least partially surrounds the intermediate section and is electrically isolated from the conductive intermediate section, and wherein a perforation is formed through the border section.

In some examples, an infrared emitter is provided with a heating layer sandwiched by top and bottom optical layers that allow only narrow-band infrared light to pass through. A reflective layer may be further provided below the bottom optical layers. This configuration greatly reduces the energy loss and can be manufactured with simple method and low cost.

A heater (1a) includes a support (10) made of an organic polymer and having a sheet shape, a heating element (20), and at least one pair of power supply electrodes (30) in contact with the heating element (20). The heating element (20) is a transparent conductive film made of a polycrystalline material containing indium oxide as a main component. In the heater (1a), the heating element (20) has a specific resistance of 1.4×10.sup.−4 Ω.Math.cm to 3×10.sup.−4 Ω.Math.cm. The heating element (20) has a thickness of more than 20 nm and not more than 100 nm.

An infrared heating device that appropriately sets positions of infrared lamps and a radiation thermometer relative to an object to be heated and is easily positioned includes: an infrared irradiator that irradiates infrared rays to an object to be heated to heat the object to be heated; a holding member that holds the infrared irradiator; a radiation thermometer that measures a temperature of a surface of the object; and a pair of laser pointers that irradiate laser beams to the surface of the object from different positions. The pair of laser pointers are disposed to cause the respective laser beams to be coincident in position with each other at one point on the surface of the object when a distance between the surface of the object and the infrared irradiator is a predetermined distance.