Provided is a production apparatus of a non-aqueous electrolyte solution that can produce conveniently and at a low cost the non-aqueous electrolyte solution while readily controlling an acidic impurity concentration so as to be in a prescribed level.

The production apparatus of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution includes an original liquid tank that stores a liquid to be processed containing a non-aqueous electrolyte solution, and an ion-exchange resin container that accommodates a weakly basic anion-exchange resin, and also including a liquid circulation pipe that returns the liquid to be processed that is obtained after flowing the liquid to be processed from the original liquid tank through the ion-exchange resin container to the original liquid tank.

There is provided a method of synthesizing a porous carbon-sulfur composite comprising the step of carbonizing a carbon material having a metal-organic framework (MOF) at a temperature of 800-1000° C. to produce a porous carbon, mixing and heating the porous carbon with sulfur to infuse the sulfur (melt diffusion) into the pores of the porous carbon and removing excess sulfur not infused into the pores or present on the surface of the porous carbon. There is also provided a cathode comprising the porous carbon-sulfur composite and a method of preparing the cathode by mixing with conductive carbon and a polymer binder. The cathode finds use in an electrochemical cell comprising a sodium or lithium anode.

Disclosed are a cathode materials suitable for an aluminium ion battery, wherein the cathode materials comprise a main group element nitride, and an oxide of a main group element or an oxide of a element in Group 1 to 13. The nitride is preferably a 2-dimensional layered material. Preferably, the ratio of the main group element nitride to the oxide is between 5:95 and 95:5 (by weight).

Disclosed are a cathode materials suitable for an aluminium ion battery, wherein the cathode materials comprise a main group element nitride, and an oxide of a main group element or an oxide of a element in Group 1 to 13. The nitride is preferably a 2-dimensional layered material. Preferably, the ratio of the main group element nitride to the oxide is between 5:95 and 95:5 (by weight).

A doped electrode may be manufactured by doping an active material included in an electrode with an alkali metal in a dope solution containing a first aprotic solvent and an alkali metal salt. The doped electrode may be cleaned with a cleaning solution containing a second aprotic solvent that has a boiling point lower than that of the first aprotic solvent. The cleaning solution may be controlled such that a content ratio of the first aprotic solvent in the cleaning solution is 8 vol % or lower.

Disclosed herein is a stabilised Na-ion oxide P3 phase of formula (I): P3-Na.sub.xM.sub.yO.sub.z Where, x>0.66, 0.8≤y≤1.0, z≤2; and M is selected from one or more of the group consisting of a 3d transition metal, a 4d transition metal, Al, Mg, B, Si, Sn, Sr and Ca. The stabilised Na-ion oxide P3 phase of formula (I) may be particularly useful as an active material in a Na-ion battery.

A method for forming a treated sintered composition includes: providing a slurry precursor including a lithium-, sodium-, or magnesium-based compound; tape casting the slurry precursor to form a green tape; sintering the green tape at a temperature in a range of 500° C. to 1350° C. for a time in a range of less than 60 min to form a sintered composition; and heat treating the sintered composition at a temperature in a range of 700° C. to 1100° C. for a time in a range of 1 min to 2 hrs in an oxygen-containing atmosphere to form the treated sintered composition.

Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to methods for preparing carbon materials which can be used in battery electrodes. More specifically, embodiments relate to methods for preparing nano-ordered carbon products used as anode materials in metal-ion batteries, such as a sodium-ion battery. In some embodiments, a method includes fractioning an initial refinery hydrocarbon product during a fractionation process to produce a liquid refinery hydrocarbon product and a heavy refinery hydrocarbon product. The method includes exposing either or both refinery hydrocarbon products to a first functionalization agent to produce a first solid functionalized product during a first functionalization process and purifying the first solid functionalized product during a purification process. The method also includes exposing the first solid functionalized product to a second functionalization agent to produce a second solid functionalized product during a second functionalization process and carbonizing the second solid functionalized product to produce the nano-ordered carbon product during a carbonization process.

An electrode binder for a lithium secondary battery, and an electrode and a lithium secondary battery, including the electrode binder. The electrode binder includes: a cellulose-based graft copolymer grafted with a compound having an ion-hopping site; and a polyacrylate-based polymer having an anionic group via an exchange with a cation. By including the electrode binder in at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode, it is possible to provide a lithium secondary battery capable of enhancing fast charging/discharging behavior efficiency of the electrode by reducing electrode resistance generated inside the electrode during charging/discharging.

A method of fabricating and using a zinc negative electrode and systems thereof are described. A zinc electroplated electrode including a layer of zinc metal bonded to a surface of an electrically conductive current collector is fabricated by an electroplating process using a zinc electroplating system. The zinc electroplating system includes: a zinc metal anode, a cathode including the current collector for plating zinc thereon, and an electrolyte bath comprising zinc ions. The electroplating process bonds the zinc metal to the surface of the current collector to create the electroplated zinc electrode. The electroplated zinc electrode is used as a negative electrode in a zinc metal cell. The zinc metal cell may be a primary cell or a secondary cell.