Provided are an organic light-emitting device and an electronic apparatus including the same. The organic light-emitting device includes: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an emission layer. The emission layer includes a first host, a first dopant, and a second dopant. The first dopant and the second dopant satisfy Equations 1-1 and 1-2:

S1(D1).sub.onsetS1(D2).sub.onset<Equation 1-1>

S1(D1).sub.maxS1(D2).sub.max.<Equation 1-2>

Visibly transparent photovoltaic devices having bulk heterojunctions (BHJ) are disclosed. Such devices are transparent to visible light but absorb near-infrared light and/or ultraviolet light. The photovoltaic devices may include bottom and top visibly transparent electrodes, as well as multiple stacked BHJ active layers that have complementary absorption characteristics. For example, a first BHJ active layer may have an absorption spectrum that is complementary to an absorption spectrum of a second BHJ active layer.

A display device is provided. The display device includes a first substrate, a first detection electrode on the first substrate, a first bank including an opening that exposes the first detection electrode, a photosensitive layer on the first detection electrode, a second detection electrode on the photosensitive layer, a first electrode on the second detection electrode, a second bank including an opening that exposes the first electrode, a light emitting layer on the first electrode, a second electrode on the light emitting layer, a first optical system between the second detection electrode and the first electrode, and a second optical system on the second electrode, wherein the first optical system and the second optical system overlap the photosensitive layer in a thickness direction of the display device.

Provided are a compound of Formula I Ir(L.sub.A)x(L.sub.B)y(L.sub.C)z, where x is 1 or 2; y is 1 or 2; z is 0, or 1, with x+y+z=3; L.sub.A is a ligand of Formula II

##STR00001##

An organic light emitting device (OLED) comprises an anode; a cathode; and a light emitting layer, disposed between the anode and the cathode; wherein the light emitting layer comprises at least one luminescent compound; and wherein the transition dipole moment of the at least one luminescent compound is oriented parallel to the surface of the light emitting layer. A method of fabricating a light emitting layer, comprises the steps of providing a substrate; depositing less than 2 nm of a template material on the substrate; and depositing a composition comprising at least one light emitting compound on the template material.

An organic light-emitting device includes: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an emission layer, wherein the organic layer includes the compound of Formula 1:

##STR00001##

When the compound of Formula 1 is used in an organic light-emitting device, the organic light-emitting device may have high-efficiency characteristics as compared to a case where a compound of the related art is used, resulting particularly in excellent lifespan improvement effects, and accordingly, significantly improved lifespan.

A heterocyclic compound is represented by Formula 1. An organic light-emitting device includes: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode and comprising an emission layer, wherein the organic layer comprises at least one of the heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1.

An organic light-emitting device includes: a first electrode; a second electrode; an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an emission layer; and at least one organometallic compound represented by Formula 1. The organic light-emitting device including the organometallic compound may have a low driving voltage, a high luminance, a high efficiency, and a long lifespan:

##STR00001##

A compound according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is represented by Formula 1:

##STR00001##

When the compound is used in an organic light-emitting device, efficiency is higher as compared to when existing compounds in the art are used. In particular, the compound shows a remarkable effect of lifespan improvement, resulting in a significantly increased lifespan of the organic light-emitting device including the compound.

Provided are a photoelectric conversion element that can generate power with high efficiency and has high durability, and a method for manufacturing the same.

A photoelectric conversion element according to an embodiment includes a first electrode, an active layer having a perovskite structure containing a halogen ion, and a second electrode having light transmissivity, in which a Warburg coefficient of the active layer measured by an AC impedance spectroscopy method is specified. The element can be manufactured by applying a solution containing a precursor of the perovskite structure and then performing appropriate annealing treatment or gas blowing.