An apparatus and associated method for an energy-storage device (e.g., a capacitor) having a plurality of electrically conducting electrodes including a first electrode and a second electrode separated by a non-electrically conducting region, and wherein the non-electrically conducting region further includes a non-uniform permittivity (K) value. In some embodiments, the method includes providing a substrate; fabricating a first electrode on the substrate; and fabricating a second electrode such that the second electrode is separated from the first electrode by a non-electrically conducting region, wherein the non-electrically conducting region has a non-uniform permittivity (K) value. The capacitor devices will find benefit for use in electric vehicles, of all kinds, uninterruptible power supplies, wind turbines, mobile phones, and the like requiring wide temperature ranges from several hundreds of degrees C. down to absolute zero, consumer electronics operating in a temperature range of 55 degrees C. to 125 degrees C.

A vacuum-capacitor-type instrument voltage transformer (1) is equipped with a main capacitor (2) and an insulating tube (3) that accommodates the main capacitor (2). A voltage dividing capacitor (4) is connected to the main capacitor (2) in series. The main capacitor (2) is equipped with a plurality of vacuum capacitors (2a) to (2c) that are connected in series. A high-voltage-side electrode (6) is provided on a high-voltage side of the insulating tube (3), and a ground-side electrode (7) is provided on its low-voltage side. The high-voltage-side electrode (6) is equipped with a high-voltage shield (8). Electrostatic capacity of the vacuum capacitor (for example, the vacuum capacitor (2a)) disposed on the high-voltage side is set to be greater than electrostatic capacity of the vacuum capacitor (for example, the vacuum capacitor (2b)) disposed on the low-voltage side.

A capacitor includes an electrode assembly, having at least one positive electrode, at least one negative electrode, and at least one dielectric or separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a case for receiving the electrode assembly. The electrode assembly is configured such that the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the dielectric or the separator are arranged in a horizontal direction, which is perpendicular to the thickness direction of the electrode assembly, and such that the positive electrode and the negative electrode have a complementary pattern.

A capacitor includes an electrode assembly, having at least one positive electrode, at least one negative electrode, and at least one dielectric or separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a case for receiving the electrode assembly. The electrode assembly is configured such that the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the dielectric or the separator are arranged in a horizontal direction, which is perpendicular to the thickness direction of the electrode assembly, and such that the positive electrode and the negative electrode have a complementary pattern.

A multilayer ceramic capacitor includes a ceramic body including a stack of dielectric layers and internal electrodes, and an external electrode electrically connected to each of the internal electrodes and provided at each of both end surfaces of the ceramic body. The external electrode includes a metal layer and a plating layer on the metal layer. In a cross section of the metal layer that is obtained by cutting the external electrode along a plane parallel to a side surface at a central position in a width direction, the metal layer includes a dielectric material at an area ratio of about 20% or more, and includes cavities at an area ratio of about 5% or more and about 20% or less, the cavities having an average diameter of about 0.5 m or more and about 1.5 m or less, and having a maximum diameter of about 5.0 m or less.

A multilayer ceramic capacitor includes a ceramic body including a stack of dielectric layers and internal electrodes, and an external electrode electrically connected to each of the internal electrodes and provided at each of both end surfaces of the ceramic body. The external electrode includes a metal layer and a plating layer on the metal layer. In a cross section of the metal layer that is obtained by cutting the external electrode along a plane parallel to a side surface at a central position in a width direction, the metal layer includes a dielectric material at an area ratio of about 20% or more, and includes cavities at an area ratio of about 5% or more and about 20% or less, the cavities having an average diameter of about 0.5 m or more and about 1.5 m or less, and having a maximum diameter of about 5.0 m or less.

An apparatus and associated method for an energy-storage device (e.g., a capacitor) having a plurality of electrically conducting electrodes including a first electrode and a second electrode separated by a non-electrically conducting region, and wherein the non-electrically conducting region further includes a non-uniform permittivity (K) value. In some embodiments, the method includes providing a substrate; fabricating a first electrode on the substrate; and fabricating a second electrode such that the second electrode is separated from the first electrode by a non-electrically conducting region, wherein the non-electrically conducting region has a non-uniform permittivity (K) value. The capacitor devices will find benefit for use in electric vehicles, of all kinds, uninterruptible power supplies, wind turbines, mobile phones, and the like requiring wide temperature ranges from several hundreds of degrees C. down to absolute zero, consumer electronics operating in a temperature range of 55 degrees C. to 125 degrees C.

An apparatus and associated method for an energy-storage device (e.g., a capacitor) having a plurality of electrically conducting electrodes including a first electrode and a second electrode separated by a non-electrically conducting region, and wherein the non-electrically conducting region further includes a non-uniform permittivity (K) value. In some embodiments, the method includes providing a substrate; fabricating a first electrode on the substrate; and fabricating a second electrode such that the second electrode is separated from the first electrode by a non-electrically conducting region, wherein the non-electrically conducting region has a non-uniform permittivity (K) value. The capacitor devices will find benefit for use in electric vehicles, of all kinds, uninterruptible power supplies, wind turbines, mobile phones, and the like requiring wide temperature ranges from several hundreds of degrees C. down to absolute zero, consumer electronics operating in a temperature range of 55 degrees C. to 125 degrees C.

A dielectric structure including solid dielectric regions incorporating a plurality of regions of vacuum or gas is provided. The dielectric constant of the regions of solid dielectrics can have a dielectric constant greater than 4. Each of the plurality of regions of vacuum or gas or the regions of solid dielectrics may be anisotropic with an aspect ratio of at least four. The smallest average dimension of a plurality of regions of vacuum or gas and/or solid dielectrics can have a length of less than 1 micron. The dielectric structure may have a higher electrical energy density in the regions of vacuum or gas than in the solid matrix. One or more electrodes of the capacitive structure can be coated with a solid insulating layer without an interface between a region of vacuum or gas and electrode.

A dielectric structure including solid dielectric regions incorporating a plurality of regions of vacuum or gas is provided. The dielectric constant of the regions of solid dielectrics can have a dielectric constant greater than 4. Each of the plurality of regions of vacuum or gas or the regions of solid dielectrics may be anisotropic with an aspect ratio of at least four. The smallest average dimension of a plurality of regions of vacuum or gas and/or solid dielectrics can have a length of less than 1 micron. The dielectric structure may have a higher electrical energy density in the regions of vacuum or gas than in the solid matrix. One or more electrodes of the capacitive structure can be coated with a solid insulating layer without an interface between a region of vacuum or gas and electrode.