There is provided a light trapping dynamic photovoltaic module having a module surface configured to be exposed to solar rays, including a plurality of photovoltaic cell stacks configured adjacent to each other throughout the module surface, wherein each photovoltaic cell stack comprises a plurality of photovoltaic cells. Further, a plurality of reflective strips are placed in between each of the photovoltaic cell stacks for continuously reflecting incident solar rays from one reflective strip to another until absorbed by a photovoltaic cell among said plurality of photovoltaic cells, wherein the incident solar rays are continuously reflected through a mirror phenomenon, wherein the incident solar rays are additionally reflected by front and back panels of the dynamic photovoltaic module, thereby trapping incident solar rays within boundaries of the dynamic photovoltaic module for conversion into electrical energy. Also disclosed is a method of manufacturing the light trapping photovoltaic module.

Reliability of a semiconductor device is improved. A solar battery includes: a solar battery element SB1 including an interface S1; a solar battery element SB2 including an interface S2 facing the interface S1; and a junction layer 120 being in contact with the interface S1 and the interface S2 and having light transmissivity. In this case, the junction layer 120 includes: a plurality of conductive nanoparticles 105 electrically connecting the solar battery element SB1 and the solar battery element SB2; and an adhesive material 116 filling gaps among the plurality of conductive nanoparticles 105. The interface S1 includes: a flat surface FT having concavity/convexity that is equal to or smaller than 2/3 times the minimum thickness of the junction layer 120; and a concave portion DIT having a depth that is equal to or larger than twice the minimum thickness of the junction layer 120 with respect to the flat surface FT.

Reliability of a semiconductor device is improved. A solar battery includes: a solar battery element SB1 including an interface S1; a solar battery element SB2 including an interface S2 facing the interface S1; and a junction layer 120 being in contact with the interface S1 and the interface S2 and having light transmissivity. In this case, the junction layer 120 includes: a plurality of conductive nanoparticles 105 electrically connecting the solar battery element SB1 and the solar battery element SB2; and an adhesive material 116 filling gaps among the plurality of conductive nanoparticles 105. The interface S1 includes: a flat surface FT having concavity/convexity that is equal to or smaller than 2/3 times the minimum thickness of the junction layer 120; and a concave portion DIT having a depth that is equal to or larger than twice the minimum thickness of the junction layer 120 with respect to the flat surface FT.

A tandem photovoltaic cell includes a top cell having a first absorber and a bottom cell having a second absorber. The top cell and the bottom cell are electrically coupled in series. The top cell is configured to receive solar radiation through a first surface of the top cell and to transmit photons through a second surface of the top cell to the bottom cell, and the bottom cell is configured to receive the photons from the top cell through a first surface of the bottom cell and to receive solar radiation through a second surface of the bottom cell. A photovoltaic module includes a multiplicity of the tandem photovoltaic cells.

A tandem photovoltaic cell includes a top cell having a first absorber and a bottom cell having a second absorber. The top cell and the bottom cell are electrically coupled in series. The top cell is configured to receive solar radiation through a first surface of the top cell and to transmit photons through a second surface of the top cell to the bottom cell, and the bottom cell is configured to receive the photons from the top cell through a first surface of the bottom cell and to receive solar radiation through a second surface of the bottom cell. A photovoltaic module includes a multiplicity of the tandem photovoltaic cells.

According to one or more embodiments, an intelligent solar racking system is provided. The intelligent solar racking system includes a racking frame that receives and mechanically supports solar modules. The intelligent solar racking system includes sensors distributed throughout the racking frame. Each of the sensors detects and reports parameter data by generating output signals. The sensors include module sensors positioned to associate with each of the solar modules and detect a module presence as the parameter data for the solar modules. The intelligent solar racking system includes a computing device that receives, stores, and analyzes the output signals to determine and monitor operations of the intelligent solar racking system.

A photovoltaic cell includes a semiconductor element (20) formed from a direct semiconductor and a transparent biasing agent (28) overlying a first portion of the front face (22) of the semiconductor, the biasing agent producing a first depletion region (30) in the semiconductor element. A collector (40) directly contacts a second portion of the front face. The collector produces a second depletion region (44) in the semiconductor element. The collector (40) is out of direct conductive contact with the biasing agent (28) but in proximity to the biasing agent. A continuous region at least partially depleted of majority carriers extends between the first and second depletion regions at the front face of the semiconductor element, The continuous region may include overlapping portions of the first and second depletion regions (30,44), or may include an additional depletion region (160) formed by a charged dielectric (147).

Presented herein are embodiments of a tandem solar panel subunit with 2-terminals, made from two 3-terminal cell tandems, whose top-cells are strongly current-mismatched to the Si 3-terminal bottom cell.

There is provided a multi junction photovoltaic device comprising a first sub-cell comprising a photoactive region comprising a layer of perovskite material, a second sub-cell comprising a photoactive silicon absorber. and an intermediate region disposed between and connecting the first sub-cell and the second sub-cell. The intermediate region comprises an interconnect layer, the interconnect layer comprising a two-phase material comprising elongate (i.e. filament like) silicon nanocrystals embedded in a silicon oxide matrix.

A tandem solar cell includes a perovskite solar cell including a perovskite absorption layer, a silicon solar cell placed under the perovskite solar cell, a junction layer placed between the perovskite solar cell and the silicon solar cell, an upper electrode placed on the perovskite solar cell, and a lower electrode placed under the silicon solar cell.