A negative electrode for a lithium metal battery includes a metal current collector substrate. A lithium metal layer is formed on at least one surface of the metal current collector substrate. A pre-lithiation layer is formed on the lithium metal layer. The pre-lithiation layer includes a prelithiated active material.

Systems and methods for batteries comprising a cathode, an electrolyte, and an anode, where prelithiation reagents are utilized to treat one or more of the anode and cathode. In one embodiment, the prelithiation reagent is a Li-organic complex solution comprising naphthalene and metallic lithium dissolved in an inhibitor-free THF.

Self-charging electrochemical cells, including self-charging batteries that incorporate such self-charging electrochemical cells, the electrochemical cells including a cathode including a cathode active material, an electrolyte including a solvent and a salt dissolved in the solvent, the electrolyte being in contact with the cathode, where the cathode active material is transformed into a discharge product during or after a discharge of the self-charging electrochemical cell and a solubility of the cathode active material in the electrolyte is less than a solubility of the discharge product in the electrolyte.

An electrochemical cell is provided comprising a thin metal foil packaging made from at least one sheet of metal foil and having a perimeter extending around at least a portion of the electrochemical cell, as well as an electrochemical cell stack contained within the thin metal foil packaging, and a metal-to-metal welded seal around at least a portion of the perimeter of the thin metal foil packaging. The metal-to-metal welded seal is hermetic or nearly hermetic. Furthermore, the metal-to-metal welded seal is narrow, having a width of less than about 1 mm, and is less than about 5 mm away from the electrochemical cell stack. In some embodiments, the thin metal foil packaging functions not only as a hermetically or near hermetically sealed packaging, but also as either the negative or positive current collector, with one electrode of the cell bonded to the foil packaging. A method for making the foregoing electrochemical cell is also provided and involves using laser energy the metal-to-metal welded seal, wherein the laser energy is applied to the foil at high speed using a scanning laser.

Disclosed is a negative electrode current collector for an anode-free lithium metal battery. The negative electrode current collector includes a PdTe.sub.2 layer and an intermediate layer to inhibit the growth of lithium dendrite, resulting in significant improves in lifespan and performance of the lithium metal battery. The negative electrode current collector further includes an ion conductive layer to improve the performance of the lithium metal battery.

Disclosed is a negative electrode current collector for an anode-free lithium metal battery. The negative electrode current collector includes a PdTe.sub.2 layer and an intermediate layer to inhibit the growth of lithium dendrite, resulting in significant improves in lifespan and performance of the lithium metal battery. The negative electrode current collector further includes an ion conductive layer to improve the performance of the lithium metal battery.

An electrode plate includes: a current collector, including, in a width direction, a first edge region, a second edge region, and a middle region located between the first edge region and the second edge region; a first coating layer, including a first portion and a second portion disposed on the first edge region and the second edge region respectively; and a second coating layer. A part of the second coating layer is disposed on the middle region, another part of the second coating layer is disposed on the first coating layer. The second coating layer includes an active material. A first bonding force between the first portion and the first edge region and a second bonding force between the second portion and the second edge region are both greater than a third bonding force between the second coating layer and the middle region.

An electrochemical device and electronic device, including a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate, wherein the positive electrode plate includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material, and the negative electrode plate includes a negative electrode current collector and a group of step coatings disposed on surface of the negative electrode current collector close to the positive electrode plate, and a weight of the positive electrode active material per unit area on the positive electrode current collector is g.sub.a expressed in cm.sup.2, a gram capacity of the positive active material is C.sub.a expressed in mAh/g, a thickness of the step coating is L expressed in μm, and a theoretical volume gram capacity of sodium metal is X expressed in mAh/cm.sup.3, and L satisfies Formula (I) are described.

[00001]$\begin{array}{cc}L=\frac{C_a*g_a}{X}*10000*\left(1\pm 0\text{.1}\right).& \left(I\right)\end{array}$

An electrochemical apparatus includes a positive electrode. The positive electrode includes a current collector. The current collector includes a coated region provided with an active material, and an uncoated region, where the uncoated region is at least partially provided with an insulation layer, and the insulation layer includes a binder and inorganic particles. Based on a total mass of the insulation layer, a mass percentage of element aluminum in the insulation layer is 20% to 52%. An adhesion F between the insulation layer and the current collector is not less than 201 N/m. In the electrochemical apparatus in this application, the safety of the electrochemical apparatus is improved due to sufficient adhesion between the insulation layer and the current collector of the positive electrode.

An aluminum battery negative electrode structure includes an aluminum foil and a coating layer. The coating layer is arranged on the aluminum foil. A material of the coating layer includes a high specific surface area carbon material. A specific surface area of the high specific surface area carbon material ranges from 500 m.sup.2/g to 3,000 m.sup.2/g.