The present invention relates to a binder composition for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery, which is characterized by containing (A) polyvinyl alcohol, (B) at least one selected from a copolymer of vinyl alcohol and ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid and a neutralized salt of the copolymer and (C) at least one selected from an amino acid, a carboxylic acid-containing polymer and a polyamine; and a binder aqueous solution for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery, a slurry composition for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery, an electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery, and a non-aqueous electrolyte battery, each containing the binder composition; and others.

The energy storage system includes battery cells, a subrack, a backplane, and a battery management system BMS. The subrack reserves a plurality of battery cell slots, the battery cells are connected to the backplane through the battery cell slots. The backplane is installed in the subrack, a first power terminal is reserved at a position corresponding to the battery cell slot on the backplane, and a plug-in power terminal is formed by a second power terminal of the battery cell together with the first power terminal. A power circuit, a sampling circuit, and an equalizer circuit are integrated into the backplane, and the power circuit, the sampling circuit, and the equalizer circuit are connected after the second power terminal is plugged and docked with the first power terminal. The BMS is connected to the backplane for managing the energy storage system.

The energy storage system includes battery cells, a subrack, a backplane, and a battery management system BMS. The subrack reserves a plurality of battery cell slots, the battery cells are connected to the backplane through the battery cell slots. The backplane is installed in the subrack, a first power terminal is reserved at a position corresponding to the battery cell slot on the backplane, and a plug-in power terminal is formed by a second power terminal of the battery cell together with the first power terminal. A power circuit, a sampling circuit, and an equalizer circuit are integrated into the backplane, and the power circuit, the sampling circuit, and the equalizer circuit are connected after the second power terminal is plugged and docked with the first power terminal. The BMS is connected to the backplane for managing the energy storage system.

The disclosure provides an electrolyte solution that enables a lithium ion secondary battery to have reduced initial resistance, a small increase in resistance at high-temperature cycles, and reduced gas generation at high temperature. The electrolyte solution for a lithium ion secondary battery contains lithium difluorophosphate, an oxalic acid ion, and a compound (1) represented by the following formula (1): ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, or a butyl group.

The disclosure provides an electrolyte solution that enables a lithium ion secondary battery to have reduced initial resistance, a small increase in resistance at high-temperature cycles, and reduced gas generation at high temperature. The electrolyte solution for a lithium ion secondary battery contains lithium difluorophosphate, an oxalic acid ion, and a compound (1) represented by the following formula (1): ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, or a butyl group.

Disclosed are a battery box, a battery cell, a battery, and a method and apparatus for preparing the battery box. The battery box includes a pressure relief region including a first recess arranged at an inner surface of the battery box and a second recess arranged at an outer surface of the battery box, the first recess being arranged opposite to the second recess, wherein a third recess is provided at a bottom wall of the first recess and/or a bottom wall of the second recess, and the pressure relief region is configured to fracture at the third recess, when an internal pressure of the battery box reaches a threshold, to relieve the internal pressure. According to the battery box, the battery cell, the battery, and the method and apparatus for preparing the battery box disclosed in the present application, the pressure relief region is easy to machine.

A positive-electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery contains a lithium complex compound that is represented by the formula: Li.sub.1+aNi.sub.bMn.sub.cCo.sub.dTi.sub.eM.sub.fO.sub.2+α, and has an atomic ratio Ti.sup.3+/Ti.sup.4+ between Ti.sup.3+ and Ti.sup.4+, as determined through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, of greater than or equal to 1.5 and less than or equal to 20. In the formula, M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mg, Al, Zr, Mo, and Nb, and a, b, c, d, e, f, and a are numbers satisfying −0.1≤a≤0.2, 0.7<b≤0.9, 0≤c<0.3, 0≤d<0.3, 0<e≤0.25, 0≤f<0.3, b+c+d+e+f=1, and −0.2≤α≤0.2.

A positive-electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery contains a lithium complex compound that is represented by the formula: Li.sub.1+aNi.sub.bMn.sub.cCo.sub.dTi.sub.eM.sub.fO.sub.2+α, and has an atomic ratio Ti.sup.3+/Ti.sup.4+ between Ti.sup.3+ and Ti.sup.4+, as determined through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, of greater than or equal to 1.5 and less than or equal to 20. In the formula, M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mg, Al, Zr, Mo, and Nb, and a, b, c, d, e, f, and a are numbers satisfying −0.1≤a≤0.2, 0.7<b≤0.9, 0≤c<0.3, 0≤d<0.3, 0<e≤0.25, 0≤f<0.3, b+c+d+e+f=1, and −0.2≤α≤0.2.

The invention relates to a method for producing an electrochemical cell comprising at least one porous electrode (2′), the method comprising at least the following method steps: (a) providing an electrode composition in the form of a homogeneous mixture comprising (i) at least one particulate active material (3); (ii) at least one particulate binder (5); (iii) at least one particulate pore-forming agent (4); and (iv) optionally at least one conducting additive (6); (b) forming a mouldable mass from the electrode composition; (c) applying the electrode composition to at least one surface of a substrate (1) to obtain a compact electrode (2); (d) producing an electrochemical cell comprising at least one compact electrode (2) which comprises the electrode composition according to method step (a); and (e) heating the at least one compact electrode (2) to liquefy the at least one particulate pore-forming agent (4); and/or (f) bringing the compact electrode (2) into contact with at least one liquid electrolyte composition or at least one liquid constituent of an electrolyte composition for an electrochemical cell which is capable of at least partially dissolving the at least one particulate pore-forming agent (4) to obtain a porous electrode (2), wherein method steps (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e) are carried out substantially without solvents.

The invention relates to a method for producing an electrochemical cell comprising at least one porous electrode (2′), the method comprising at least the following method steps: (a) providing an electrode composition in the form of a homogeneous mixture comprising (i) at least one particulate active material (3); (ii) at least one particulate binder (5); (iii) at least one particulate pore-forming agent (4); and (iv) optionally at least one conducting additive (6); (b) forming a mouldable mass from the electrode composition; (c) applying the electrode composition to at least one surface of a substrate (1) to obtain a compact electrode (2); (d) producing an electrochemical cell comprising at least one compact electrode (2) which comprises the electrode composition according to method step (a); and (e) heating the at least one compact electrode (2) to liquefy the at least one particulate pore-forming agent (4); and/or (f) bringing the compact electrode (2) into contact with at least one liquid electrolyte composition or at least one liquid constituent of an electrolyte composition for an electrochemical cell which is capable of at least partially dissolving the at least one particulate pore-forming agent (4) to obtain a porous electrode (2), wherein method steps (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e) are carried out substantially without solvents.