The disclosure provides a method comprising inducing a first current between a source of a countercharge and a first electrode, the first current being through an electrolyte. A second current is induced across the first electrode, the second current being transverse to the first current, and the second current inducing a relativistic charge across the first electrode.

The disclosure provides a method comprising inducing a first current between a source of a countercharge and a first electrode, the first current being through an electrolyte. A second current is induced across the first electrode, the second current being transverse to the first current, and the second current inducing a relativistic charge across the first electrode.

A secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte. The negative electrode includes a hydroxycarboxylic acid compound. The hydroxycarboxylic acid compound includes a first hydroxycarboxylic acid compound, a second hydroxycarboxylic acid compound, or both. The electrolyte includes a high-dielectric-constant solvent having a dielectric constant of greater than or equal to 20 in a temperature range of higher than or equal to −30° C. and lower than 60° C. The high-dielectric-constant solvent includes a lactone. A content of the lactone in the high-dielectric-constant solvent is greater than or equal to 65 wt % and less than or equal to 100 wt %. At least one of the positive electrode, the negative electrode, or the electrolyte includes inorganic oxide particles.

The present technology described relates to lithium-based alloy electrode materials used for the production of anode in lithium accumulators and processes for obtaining same. The alloy comprises metallic lithium, a metallic component X.sup.1 selected from magnesium and aluminum and a metallic component X.sup.2 selected from alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, rare earths, zirconium, copper, silver, bismuth, cobalt, zinc, aluminum, silicon, tin, antimony, cadmium, mercury, lead, manganese, boron, indium, thallium, nickel, germanium, molybdenum and iron. Processes for preparing electrode materials thus obtained and their uses are also described.

A solid-state electrolyte is presented that is a combined salt of an alkali metal or alkali earth metal closo-borate and alkali metal or alkali earth metal conductivity enhancing anion salt. The combined salt allows significantly higher conductivities in the solid state than the included alkali metal or alkali earth metal closo-borate. The combined salt can be prepared by mechanical combination or combination in solution. The salts can be used in solid-state electrochemical devices.

A solid-state electrolyte is presented that is a combined salt of an alkali metal or alkali earth metal closo-borate and alkali metal or alkali earth metal conductivity enhancing anion salt. The combined salt allows significantly higher conductivities in the solid state than the included alkali metal or alkali earth metal closo-borate. The combined salt can be prepared by mechanical combination or combination in solution. The salts can be used in solid-state electrochemical devices.

The present application is directed to systems, methods and devices which utilize plant based materials as an electrolyte in a power source. Embodiments may process leaves to form materials to be included in one or more of a liquid, paste, or paper-based battery cell. In some embodiments the leaf-based materials may be the primary electrolyte in the battery cell, while in other embodiments the leaf-based materials may be combined with other materials to provide for the chemical materials within the battery cell. In additional embodiments, the leaves may be processed with a textile or leather material to form a wearable cell.

A treating method of a nonaqueous-electrolyte and a method of fabricating a battery are provided. The treating method is suitable for being performed prior to injecting a nonaqueous-electrolyte into a containing region of the battery. The treating method includes performing at least one first voltage process or at least one second voltage process on the nonaqueous-electrolyte. The first voltage process includes as follows. A first voltage is applied to the nonaqueous-electrolyte. The voltage is adjusted gradually from the first voltage to a second voltage. The voltage is adjusted gradually from the second voltage to the first voltage. The second voltage process includes as follows. A third voltage is applied to the nonaqueous-electrolyte for a predetermined time.

A treating method of a nonaqueous-electrolyte and a method of fabricating a battery are provided. The treating method is suitable for being performed prior to injecting a nonaqueous-electrolyte into a containing region of the battery. The treating method includes performing at least one first voltage process or at least one second voltage process on the nonaqueous-electrolyte. The first voltage process includes as follows. A first voltage is applied to the nonaqueous-electrolyte. The voltage is adjusted gradually from the first voltage to a second voltage. The voltage is adjusted gradually from the second voltage to the first voltage. The second voltage process includes as follows. A third voltage is applied to the nonaqueous-electrolyte for a predetermined time.

The disclosure provides a method comprising inducing a first current between a source of a countercharge and a first electrode, the first current being through an electrolyte. A second current is induced across the first electrode, the second current being transverse to the first current, and the second current inducing a relativistic charge across the first electrode.