A battery system includes a plurality of battery cells connected in parallel. Each battery cell includes a positive and negative tab. The battery system also includes a plurality of thermal switch devices (e.g., temperature cut off (TCO) or positive temperature coefficient (PTC) devices). Each thermal switch device is electrically coupled to a respective cell. The battery system further includes a rigid-flex circuit board comprising a plurality of rigid regions. Each rigid region is physically and electrically connected to an adjacent rigid region by a respective flexible region. Each rigid region is electrically coupled to respective positive and negative tabs of a respective battery cell. Each thermal switch device prevents abnormal current flow (e.g., by limiting the flow of current at high temperatures) between a first battery cell that is coupled to the thermal switch device and a second battery cell that is adjacent to the first battery cell.

The present application relates to a method and system for determining parameters of battery pulsed heating. The reference potential of the anode of the lithium-ion battery is obtained in real time in the positive and negative pulsed heating process under various heating parameters. The relationship between reference potential and threshold potential indicates whether Li plating has occurred to the lithium-ion battery. When the reference potential is smaller than the threshold potential, the first heating parameters are adjusted to avoid Li plating and improve battery life. By recording the heating parameters when the reference potential is greater than the threshold potential, it can be ensured that the pulsed heating parameters have no significant impact on the life of the battery.

Examples of battery pack systems that include polymers are a cooling system, a thermal management system, and a liquid leakage control system. The cooling system and the thermal management systems may include an upper critical solution temperature polymer or a lower critical solution temperature polymer. The liquid leakage control system includes a superabsorbent polymer.

Examples of battery pack systems that include polymers are a cooling system, a thermal management system, and a liquid leakage control system. The cooling system and the thermal management systems may include an upper critical solution temperature polymer or a lower critical solution temperature polymer. The liquid leakage control system includes a superabsorbent polymer.

There is provided a portable terminal including: a first battery; a second battery having a thermal capacity smaller than the first battery; a switch configured to switch an electric power supply to electronic components between the first battery and the second battery; a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory and the processor configured to control the switch so that the second battery supplies electric power to the electronic components when the portable terminal is started.

Embodiments of the present application provide a protective device for cell including a first conductive component and a second conductive component that are disposed oppositely and spaced apart. A switching unit disposed between the first conductive component and the second conductive component is configured to disconnect the first conductive component from the second conductive component based on a predetermined temperature of the cell. The purpose of the present application is to provide a protection device for cell to timely cut off the internal circuit of the cell when the internal temperature of the cell is high.

Embodiments of the present application provide a protective device for cell including a first conductive component and a second conductive component that are disposed oppositely and spaced apart. A switching unit disposed between the first conductive component and the second conductive component is configured to disconnect the first conductive component from the second conductive component based on a predetermined temperature of the cell. The purpose of the present application is to provide a protection device for cell to timely cut off the internal circuit of the cell when the internal temperature of the cell is high.

Systems and methods here may include a modular battery pack including a housing, and within the housing: individual battery cells arranged in rows, a circuit board at one end of the housing configured to manage a thermal condition of the battery pack, heat sensors in communication with the circuit board, an enclosed heat pipe arrangement in a corrugated configuration arranged between each row of battery cells within the housing, and a fan and/or Peltier heat sink configured at one end of the battery pack housing, in communication with the circuit board.

Systems and methods here may include a modular battery pack including a housing, and within the housing: individual battery cells arranged in rows, a circuit board at one end of the housing configured to manage a thermal condition of the battery pack, heat sensors in communication with the circuit board, an enclosed heat pipe arrangement in a corrugated configuration arranged between each row of battery cells within the housing, and a fan and/or Peltier heat sink configured at one end of the battery pack housing, in communication with the circuit board.

A battery cell evaluation apparatus is provided that includes a current source configured to output a current at a frequency, measurement circuitry, and control circuitry. The control circuitry may be configured to electrically connect a cell of a battery to the current source and the measurement circuitry to apply the current across terminals of the cell and receive a measurement of an impedance phase shift of the cell as phase shift data from the measurement circuitry. The control circuitry may also be configured to compare the phase shift data to a protection profile, and trigger a protection device to prevent damage to the battery based on the comparison of the phase shift data to the protection profile.