The present application relates to a battery module, and the battery module includes a first-type battery cell and a second-type battery cell at least connected in series, the first-type battery cell and the second-type battery cell are battery cells of different chemical systems, the first-type battery cell includes N first battery cell(s), the second-type battery cell includes M second battery cell(s), N and M are positive integers, a specific surface area of a positive active substance of the first battery cell is S1, a specific surface area of a positive active substance of the second battery cell is S2, and S1 and S2 satisfy: 1≤S1/S2≤60.

Methods and systems for the electrochemical conversion of halogenated compounds are provided. In some embodiments, a method comprises converting a halogenated compound (e.g., fluorinated gas) to relatively non-hazardous products via one or more electrochemical reactions. The electrochemical reaction(s) may occur under relatively mild conditions (e.g., low temperature) and/or without the aid of a catalyst. In some embodiments, the electrochemical reaction may produce a relatively large amount of energy. In some such cases, systems, described herein, may be designed to facilitate the conversion of the halogenated compound (e.g., SF6, NF3) while harnessing (e.g., storing, converting) the energy associated with the electrochemical reaction. System and methods described herein may be used in a wide variety of applications, including waste management (e.g., environmental remediation, greenhouse gas mitigation), energy recovery (e.g., industrial energy recovery), and primary batteries (e.g., metal-gas batteries).

Cathode composition including a core cathode body composed of nickel oxide crystallite particles and a surface cathode coating layer contacting and at least partially surrounding an outer surface of the core cathode body. The surface cathode coating layer includes one or more of a transition metal or post-transition metal oxide or fluoride and one or more of lanthanide row atoms having a concentration in a range from about 0.1 to 10 mol %, has a thickness in a range from about 0.5 to 30 nm, and has an amorphous, polycrystalline or composite amorphous/polycrystalline atomic structure. Method of manufacture including preparing a cathode composition includes forming a core cathode body composed of nickel oxide crystallite particles, and, forming by atomic layer deposition, a surface cathode coating layer contacting and at least partially surrounding an outer surface of the core cathode body.

A negative electrode for an alkaline storage battery that achieves both an improvement in cycle life and an improvement in low temperature discharge characteristics, and an alkaline storage battery including the negative electrode are disclosed. The negative electrode for an alkaline storage battery includes a negative electrode core body formed of metal, and a negative electrode mixture layer which contains at least a hydrogen storage alloy and yttrium fluoride, and is carried on the negative electrode core body. Particles of the yttrium fluoride are formed so that the average particle size thereof is equal to 1 μm or more and 7 μm or less.

A crystalline precursor compound for manufacturing a lithium transition metal based oxide powder usable as an active positive electrode material in lithium-ion batteries, the precursor having a general formula Li.sub.1-a((Ni.sub.z(Ni.sub.0.5Mn.sub.0.5).sub.yCo.sub.x).sub.1-kA.sub.k).sub.1+aO.sub.2, wherein A comprises at least one element of the group consisting of: Mg, Al, Ca, Si, B, W, Zr, Ti, Nb, Ba, and Sr, with 0.05≤x≤0.40, 0.25≤z≤0.85, x+y+z=1, 0≤k≤0.10, and 0≤a≤0.053, wherein said crystalline precursor powder has a crystalline size L, expressed in nm, with 15≤L≤36.

Provided is a battery including: a positive electrode containing a positive electrode active material; a negative electrode; and an electrolyte solution containing a nonaqueous solvent. The positive electrode active material contains a compound represented by composition formula (1) below and having a crystal structure belonging to space group FM3-M: Li.sub.xMe.sub.yO.sub.αF.sub.β. (1) Here, Me is one or two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Mn, Co, Ni, Fe, Al, B, Ce, Si, Zr, Nb, Pr, Ti, W, Ge, Mo, Sn, Bi, Cu, Mg, Ca, Ba, Sr, Y, Zn, Ga, Er, La, Sm, Yb, V, and C. x, y, α, and β satisfy the following conditions: 1.7≤x≤2.2, 0.8≤y≤1.3, 1≤α≤2.5, and 0.5≤β≤2, respectively. The nonaqueous solvent includes at least one solvent selected from hydrofluoroethers, phosphazenes, phosphates, and perfluoropolyethers.

An enhanced solid state battery cell is disclosed. The battery cell can include a first electrode, a second electrode, and a solid state electrolyte layer interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The battery cell can further include a resistive layer interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The resistive layer can be electrically conductive in order to regulate an internal current flow within the battery cell. The internal current flow can result from an internal short circuit formed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The internal short circuit can be formed from the solid state electrolyte layer being penetrated by metal dendrites formed at the first electrode and/or the second electrode.

Improved high energy capacity designs for lithium ion batteries are described that take advantage of the properties of high specific capacity anode active compositions and high specific capacity cathode active compositions. In particular, specific electrode designs provide for achieving very high energy densities. Furthermore, the complex behavior of the active materials is used advantageously in a radical electrode balancing design that significantly reduced wasted electrode capacity in either electrode when cycling under realistic conditions of moderate to high discharge rates and/or over a reduced depth of discharge.

The disclosure provides a method of prelithiating an anode for a lithium-ion cell, the method comprising: (a) providing a pre-fabricated anode comprising an anode active material; (b) prelithiating the pre-fabricated anode by exposing the anode to a lithium source and an electrolyte solution, comprising a lithium salt dissolved in a liquid solvent, to enable lithium ions to intercalate into the anode active material until a level of lithium interaction from 5% to 100% of the maximum lithium storage capacity is achieved to form a prelithiated anode; and (c) introducing a protective polymer onto the prelithiated anode to prevent exposure of the prelithiated anode active material to the open air or into the anode to bond the prelithiated anode active material or to improve a structural integrity of the prelithiated anode, wherein the protective polymer has a lithium-ion conductivity from 10.sup.−8 S/cm to 5×10.sup.−2 S/cm at room temperature.

A composite positive electrode material for a lithium ion battery, a preparation method therefor, and a use thereof. The composite positive electrode material comprises a positive electrode material core and a halide coating layer that is coated on the surface of the positive electrode material core, wherein halide comprises Li.sub.3YX.sub.6, and X is at least one among halogens. By means of the coating of the halide coating layer, the ionic conductivity and structural stability of the positive electrode material are greatly increased, which reduces the surface impedance of the material.