A method for manufacturing an electrochemical device, implementing a process for manufacturing a porous electrode having a porous layer deposited on a substrate, the porous layer having a porosity of between 20% and 60% by volume and pores with an average diameter of less than 50 nm. The method includes providing a substrate and a colloidal suspension including aggregates or agglomerates of monodisperse primary nanoparticles of an active electrode material, having an average primary diameter of between 2 and 60 nm, the aggregates or agglomerates having an average diameter of between 50 nm and 300 nm, then depositing a layer from the colloidal suspension on the substrate, then drying and consolidating the layer to obtain a mesoporous layer, and then depositing a coating of an electronically conductive material on and inside the pores of the layer.

A method is provided for manufacturing a nanoparticle material having an ionic conductivity as a battery material for Fluoride ion Batteries, thus, being capable for overcoming high resistances at the surfaces, grain-boundaries of nanoparticles or compartments of the nanoparticles by a material treatment selected from: (i) a ball-mill procedure under aerosol and/or vapour-pressure atmosphere, (ii) excess-synthesis, (iii) ball-milling with surface stabilizing and conductivity enhancing solid or/and gel/liquid additives or (iv) functionalizing the material to obtain functionalized nanoparticles (GSNP) comprising a dispersion of graphene, nanotubes and/or a further additive selected from carbon-black, graphite, Si and/or CF.sub.X, Herein, fluorides (Em.sub.mF.sub.h), fluorides composites (Em1.sub.m1Em2.sub.m2 . . . F.sub.h1) are synthesized, wherein a first metal, metalloid or non-metal Em or Em1 and a second metal, metalloid or non-metal Em2 are dissimilarly selected from various elements in a manner that a battery material having an increased ionic conductivity is obtained.

A Li or Li-ion or Na or Na-ion battery cell is provided that comprises anode and cathode electrodes, a separator, and a solid electrolyte. The separator electrically separates the anode and the cathode. The solid electrolyte ionically couples the anode and the cathode. The solid electrolyte also comprises a melt-infiltration solid electrolyte composition that is disposed at least partially in at least one of the electrodes or in the separator.

A silver-silver chloride electrode contains silicone rubber as a binder in which silver powder, silver chloride powder and silica powder are dispersed. A current density of a current flowing through an electric circuit is equal to or greater than 0.64 μA/mm.sup.2 after 5 minutes from the beginning of voltage application to the electric circuit when the electric circuit in which two silver-silver chloride electrodes and a phosphate buffered saline are connected in series is made up of the two silver-silver chloride electrodes and the phosphate buffered saline containing no calcium and no magnesium interposed between the two silver-silver chloride electrodes.

The present disclosure provides an electrochemical cell that cycles lithium ions. The electrochemical cell includes a positive electrode and a negative electrode. The positive electrode includes a positive electroactive material and a lithiation additive blended with the positive electroactive material. The lithiation additive includes a lithium-containing material and one or more metals. The lithium-containing material is represented by LiX, where X is hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), fluorine (F), phosphorous (P), or sulfur (S). The one or more metals are selected from the group consisting of: iron (Fe), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), and combinations thereof. The negative electrode may include a volume-expanding negative electroactive material.

A negative electrode active material including a core, an intermediate layer on a surface of the core, and a shell layer on a surface of the intermediate layer, wherein the core includes a silicon oxide of SiO.sub.x (0<x<2); the intermediate layer includes a lithium silicate, the shell layer includes lithium fluoride (LiF) and the intermediate layer is present in an amount of 5 wt %-15 wt % based on a total weight of the negative electrode active material. Also, a method for preparing the negative electrode active material, and a negative electrode and lithium secondary battery including the same. The negative electrode active material provides excellent initial efficiency and life characteristics.

An enhanced solid state battery cell is disclosed. The battery cell can include a first electrode, a second electrode, and a solid state electrolyte layer interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The battery cell can further include a resistive layer interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The resistive layer can be electrically conductive in order to regulate an internal current flow within the battery cell. The internal current flow can result from an internal short circuit formed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The internal short circuit can be formed from the solid state electrolyte layer being penetrated by metal dendrites formed at the first electrode and/or the second electrode.

A positive electrode material includes a positive electrode active material, a first solid electrolyte, and a coating material covering at least part of the surface of the positive electrode active material. The first solid electrolyte is represented by the following compositional formula (1): Li.sub.aM.sub.bX.sub.c . . . Formula (1). In the compositional formula (1), a, b and c are each independently a positive real number, M includes calcium, yttrium, and at least one rare earth element other than yttrium, and X includes at least one selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br and I.

An object of the present disclosure is to provide an all solid fluoride ion battery that has a favorable capacity property. The present disclosure achieves the object by providing an all solid fluoride ion battery comprising: a cathode layer, an anode layer, and a solid electrolyte layer formed between the cathode layer and the anode layer; wherein the anode layer includes a metal fluoride containing an M1 element, an M2 element, and a F element; the M1 element is a metal element that fluorination and defluorination occur at a potential, versus Pb/PbF.sub.2, of −2.5 V or more; the M2 element is a metal element that neither fluorination nor defluorination occur at a potential, versus Pb/PbF.sub.2, of −2.5 V or more; and the M2 element is a metal element that, when in a form of a fluoride, fluoride ion conductivity is 1×10.sup.−4 S/cm or more at 200° C.

A method of producing a powder mass for a lithium battery, the method comprising: (a) providing a solution containing a sulfonated elastomer dissolved in a solvent or a precursor in a liquid form or dissolved in a solvent; (b) dispersing a plurality of particles of a cathode active material in the solution to form a slurry; and (c) dispensing the slurry and removing the solvent and/or polymerizing/curing the precursor to form the powder mass, wherein the powder mass comprises multiple particulates and at least a particulate comprises one or a plurality of particles of a cathode active material being encapsulated by a thin layer of sulfonated elastomer having a thickness from 1 nm to 10 μm, a fully recoverable tensile strain from 2% to 800%, and a lithium ion conductivity from 10.sup.−7 S/cm to 5×10.sup.−2 S/cm at room temperature.