A sintered electrode for a battery, the sintered electrode having a first surface positioned to face a current collector and a second surface positioned to face an electrolyte layer, such that the sintered electrode includes: a first phase and a second phase, such that: the first phase has a lithium compound, and the second phase has at least one of a porous structure or solid-state Li-ion conductors, and such that: a thickness of the sintered electrode between the first surface and the second surface ranges between 10 μm and 200 μm.

A sintered electrode for a battery, the sintered electrode having a first surface positioned to face a current collector and a second surface positioned to face an electrolyte layer, such that the sintered electrode includes: a first phase and a second phase, such that: the first phase has a lithium compound, and the second phase has at least one of a porous structure or solid-state Li-ion conductors, and such that: a thickness of the sintered electrode between the first surface and the second surface ranges between 10 μm and 200 μm.

The flat-shaped battery of the present invention comprises a battery container provided with an outer can and a sealing plate, and a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and an electrolyte solution are enclosed in the battery container. The positive electrode is housed in the outer can, and a porous electrolyte solution absorber is inserted between the positive electrode and an inner bottom surface of the outer can. Also, the method for manufacturing a flat-shaped battery, including: disposing an electrolyte solution absorber on an inner bottom surface of the outer can; disposing the positive electrode on the electrolyte solution absorber; and injecting the electrolyte solution into the outer can after disposing the electrolyte solution absorber, before or after disposing the positive electrode. A porous body having a porosity of 40 to 90% is used as the electrolyte solution absorber.

The flat-shaped battery of the present invention comprises a battery container provided with an outer can and a sealing plate, and a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and an electrolyte solution are enclosed in the battery container. The positive electrode is housed in the outer can, and a porous electrolyte solution absorber is inserted between the positive electrode and an inner bottom surface of the outer can. Also, the method for manufacturing a flat-shaped battery, including: disposing an electrolyte solution absorber on an inner bottom surface of the outer can; disposing the positive electrode on the electrolyte solution absorber; and injecting the electrolyte solution into the outer can after disposing the electrolyte solution absorber, before or after disposing the positive electrode. A porous body having a porosity of 40 to 90% is used as the electrolyte solution absorber.

Systems and methods to upgrade a feedstock include a metal/oxygen electrochemical cell having a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an electrolyte in which the cell is configured to produce superoxide. The superoxide can react or complex with a feedstock to upgrade the feedstock.

Methods for producing ceramic films Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (3YSZ) and aluminum titanate (Al.sub.2TiO.sub.5), and the physical properties of these films are described. The films produced have thicknesses and integrity suitable for handling and corrosion resistance to electrolytes, porosity, ion permeability and electrical resistivity suitable for use as separators between positive and negative layers for forming electrical batteries, particularly lithium batteries.

The present invention provides a positive electrode for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, having a novel overcharge protective function. The positive electrode for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present invention includes a positive electrode active material layer including a plurality of positive electrode active material particles, wherein the positive electrode active material layer comprises: a carbonaceous coating film formed on a surface of each of the positive electrode active material particles; and 0% by weight or more and 20% by weight or less of a conductive auxiliary agent disposed between the plurality of positive electrode active material particles, and at least one of the carbonaceous coating film and the conductive auxiliary agent is graphitizable carbon.

The present invention provides a positive electrode for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, having a novel overcharge protective function. The positive electrode for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present invention includes a positive electrode active material layer including a plurality of positive electrode active material particles, wherein the positive electrode active material layer comprises: a carbonaceous coating film formed on a surface of each of the positive electrode active material particles; and 0% by weight or more and 20% by weight or less of a conductive auxiliary agent disposed between the plurality of positive electrode active material particles, and at least one of the carbonaceous coating film and the conductive auxiliary agent is graphitizable carbon.

An electrolyte is provided for the zinc based rechargeable redox static energy storage devices, the electrolyte comprising one or more inorganic transition metal salt(s) of zinc; one or more Metal hydroxide(s); a eutectic solvent comprising one or more derivative(s) of methanesulfonic acid selected from its salts, one or more ammonium salt(s) one or more hydrogen bond donor(s). The electrolyte is thermally and chemically stable and has pH ranging from 5 to 7, and therefore does not facilitate evolution of hydrogen and oxygen during its application.

Provided is a method for producing a high-purity aqueous lithium salt solution, the method allowing filtering aluminum phosphate in a short time. The method for producing a high-purity aqueous lithium salt solution includes: a step of adjusting the pH of a slurry containing a mixture of lithium phosphate and aluminum hydroxide obtained from a first aqueous lithium salt solution being a raw material to a range of 2 to 3 to obtain a precipitate of aluminum phosphate; a step of filtering off and removing the precipitate of aluminum phosphate to obtain a second aqueous lithium salt solution; and a step of purifying the second aqueous lithium salt solution to obtain a high-purity aqueous lithium salt solution.