An electrode and a lithium-ion battery employing the electrode are provided. The electrode includes an active layer, a conductive layer, and a non-conductive layer. The conductive layer is disposed on the top surface of the active layer. The conductive layer includes a first porous film and a conductive lithiophilic material, and the conductive lithiophilic material is within the first porous film and covers the inner surface of the first porous film. The non-conductive layer includes a second porous film and a non-conductive lithiophilic material, and the non-conductive lithiophilic material is within the second porous film and covers the inner surface of the second porous film. The conductive layer is disposed between the active layer and the non-conductive layer. The binding energy (ΔG) of the lithiophilic material with lithium is less than or equal to −2.6 eV.

The invention relates to composite graphite particles for a nonaqueous secondary battery negative electrode containing graphite (A) and metal particles (B) capable of alloying with Li, wherein the degree of dispersion of the metal particles (B) in the composite graphite particles is 0.78 or more and the internal void fraction of the composite graphite particles is 3% or more and 40% or less.

The invention relates to composite graphite particles for a nonaqueous secondary battery negative electrode containing graphite (A) and metal particles (B) capable of alloying with Li, wherein the degree of dispersion of the metal particles (B) in the composite graphite particles is 0.78 or more and the internal void fraction of the composite graphite particles is 3% or more and 40% or less.

A positive-electrode active material contains a lithium composite oxide containing manganese. The crystal structure of the lithium composite oxide belongs to a space group Fd-3m. The integrated intensity ratio I.sub.(111)/I.sub.(400) of a first peak I.sub.(111) on the (111) plane to a second peak I.sub.(400) on the (400) plane in an XRD pattern of the lithium composite oxide satisfies 0.05≤I.sub.(111)/I.sub.(400)≤0.90.

An electrolyte including a dinitrile compound, a trinitrile compound, and propyl propionate. Based on the total weight of the electrolyte, the weight percentage of the dinitrile compound is X, the weight percentage of the trinitrile compound is Y, and the weight percentage of the propyl propionate is Z, wherein, about 2.2 wt %≤(X+Y)≤about 8 wt %, about 0.1≤(X/Y)≤about 2.3, about 5 wt %≤Z≤about 50 wt %, 1 wt %<Y<5 wt %, and about 0.02≤(Y/Z)≤about 0.3; wherein wherein the dinitrile compound is one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of butanedinitrile, adiponitrile, and 1,4-dicyano-2-butene; and the trinitrile compound is one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of 1,3,6-hexanetricarbonitrile, 1,2,6-hexanetricarbonitrile and 1,2,3-tris(2-cyanoethoxy)propane.

An electrolyte including a dinitrile compound, a trinitrile compound, and propyl propionate. Based on the total weight of the electrolyte, the weight percentage of the dinitrile compound is X, the weight percentage of the trinitrile compound is Y, and the weight percentage of the propyl propionate is Z, wherein, about 2.2 wt %≤(X+Y)≤about 8 wt %, about 0.1≤(X/Y)≤about 2.3, about 5 wt %≤Z≤about 50 wt %, 1 wt %<Y<5 wt %, and about 0.02≤(Y/Z)≤about 0.3; wherein wherein the dinitrile compound is one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of butanedinitrile, adiponitrile, and 1,4-dicyano-2-butene; and the trinitrile compound is one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of 1,3,6-hexanetricarbonitrile, 1,2,6-hexanetricarbonitrile and 1,2,3-tris(2-cyanoethoxy)propane.

An electrochemical apparatus includes a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, a separator, and an electrolyte. The negative electrode plate includes a negative electrode active material layer, and the negative electrode active material layer includes a negative electrode active material, where mass of the negative electrode active material is a g. The electrolyte includes ethylene carbonate, where based on a mass of the electrolyte, a mass percentage of the ethylene carbonate is b%, and 1.6≤b/a≤6.4. A ratio of the mass percentage of the ethylene carbonate in the electrolyte to the mass of the negative electrode active material is controlled, so that cycling performance, a thickness swelling rate after high-temperature storage, a capacity retention rate after storage, and safety performance of the electrochemical apparatus can be improved.

An electrochemical apparatus includes a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, a separator, and an electrolyte. The negative electrode plate includes a negative electrode active material layer, and the negative electrode active material layer includes a negative electrode active material, where mass of the negative electrode active material is a g. The electrolyte includes ethylene carbonate, where based on a mass of the electrolyte, a mass percentage of the ethylene carbonate is b%, and 1.6≤b/a≤6.4. A ratio of the mass percentage of the ethylene carbonate in the electrolyte to the mass of the negative electrode active material is controlled, so that cycling performance, a thickness swelling rate after high-temperature storage, a capacity retention rate after storage, and safety performance of the electrochemical apparatus can be improved.

The invention discloses a lithium electrode. The electrically conductive structure layer has a recess with one-side opening, and the lithium metal layer is disposed on the bottom of the recess. The solid electrolyte layer and the electrolyte storage layer are disposed thereon sequentially. When the lithium metal is plated, the plated lithium metal is restricted by the solid electrolyte layer to push and compress the electrolyte storage layer. Therefore, the growth of the lithium dendrites is limited efficiently. The penetration through issue of the lithium dendrites will not be occurred so that the safety of the lithium metal battery is improved greatly.

This electrode for batteries is provided with: a core material; and a mixture layer which contains an active material and a binder, while being arranged on the surface of the core material. If the mixture layer is trisected in the thickness direction and the divided sections are defined as the first region, the second region and the third region sequentially from the core material side, the void fraction of the second region is higher than the void fraction of the first region.