This application describes a data transmission method and a communication apparatus. An example data transmission method includes: performing network coding based on a first data segment, to obtain a first network coded data segment; generating first cyclic redundancy check CRC information and a first data unit based on the first network coded data segment, where the first data unit includes a network coding parameter and the first CRC information that correspond to the first network coded data segment, and the first CRC information is for checking the first network coded data segment; and outputting the first data unit. According to of the example method and communication apparatus of this application, a waste of spectrum resources may be avoided, and spectrum efficiency may be improved.

This application describes a data transmission method and a communication apparatus. An example data transmission method includes: performing network coding based on a first data segment, to obtain a first network coded data segment; generating first cyclic redundancy check CRC information and a first data unit based on the first network coded data segment, where the first data unit includes a network coding parameter and the first CRC information that correspond to the first network coded data segment, and the first CRC information is for checking the first network coded data segment; and outputting the first data unit. According to of the example method and communication apparatus of this application, a waste of spectrum resources may be avoided, and spectrum efficiency may be improved.

Systems, methods, and devices provide multi-user communication between wireless devices. Methods include identifying, using processing elements of a software enabled access point, a plurality of wireless devices communicatively coupled to the software enabled access point, aggregating, using the processing elements, data associated with the plurality of wireless devices, and generating, using the processing elements, transmission instructions identifying transmission periods for the plurality of wireless devices. Methods also include generating, using the processing elements, a data frame based on the aggregated data, the data frame comprising a data payload that comprises the aggregated data and the transmission instructions.

A transmitter device of a bus-based communication system may add one or more padding bits, associated with providing traffic flow confidentiality for communication of a payload on a communication bus, either to the payload on a transport layer, or to one or more first frames on a data link layer. The one or more first frames may include a transport layer payload associated with the payload. The transmitter device may transmit one or more second frames, including a data link layer payload associated with the one or more first frames, on the communication bus. A receiver device of the bus-based communication system may receive the one or more second frames on the communication bus. The receiver device may process the one or more padding bits from either the one or more first frames on the data link layer, or from the payload on the transport layer.

A transmitter device of a bus-based communication system may add one or more padding bits, associated with providing traffic flow confidentiality for communication of a payload on a communication bus, either to the payload on a transport layer, or to one or more first frames on a data link layer. The one or more first frames may include a transport layer payload associated with the payload. The transmitter device may transmit one or more second frames, including a data link layer payload associated with the one or more first frames, on the communication bus. A receiver device of the bus-based communication system may receive the one or more second frames on the communication bus. The receiver device may process the one or more padding bits from either the one or more first frames on the data link layer, or from the payload on the transport layer.

A network device may establish a media access control security (MACsec) key agreement (MKA) session with another network device via a MACsec communication link; establish a fast heartbeat session via the MACsec communication link, between a first packet processing engine of the network device and a second packet processing engine of the other network device, where the fast heartbeat session is to permit the first packet processing engine and the second packet processing engine to exchange fast heartbeat messages via the fast heartbeat session and the MACsec communication link; place an MKA protocol of the MKA session in a pause state until the first packet processing engine detects a rekey event; determine that a key for the MKA session is to be regenerated based on detection of the rekey event; and perform an action based on the rekey event for the MKA session.

A network device may establish a media access control security (MACsec) key agreement (MKA) session with another network device via a MACsec communication link; establish a fast heartbeat session via the MACsec communication link, between a first packet processing engine of the network device and a second packet processing engine of the other network device, where the fast heartbeat session is to permit the first packet processing engine and the second packet processing engine to exchange fast heartbeat messages via the fast heartbeat session and the MACsec communication link; place an MKA protocol of the MKA session in a pause state until the first packet processing engine detects a rekey event; determine that a key for the MKA session is to be regenerated based on detection of the rekey event; and perform an action based on the rekey event for the MKA session.

Service information (e.g., enhanced broadcast service (eBCS) information) may be distributed. Service (e.g., eBCS) capabilities may be advertised (e.g., by an access point (AP)), for example, by broadcasting a public action frame. A public action frame may include per-service information. A public action frame may be transmitted on a per service basis. A public action frame may combine authentication information and service information. Enhanced broadcast service origin authentication may be performed on a per service basis (e.g., using origin authentication information to authenticate broadcast data frames for a consumed service). Origin authentication information may be common to frames associated with different services. Services may be consumed without querying a service originating device. Stations (e.g., with and without association with an AP) may report consumption or usage of services, Reporting may be unsolicited or solicited (e.g., in response to a request from an AP).

A communication device is disclosed. The present communication device may include a master including a communication modem, and multiple slaves including antennas. The communication device may execute an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm and/or a machine learning algorithm, and may communicate with other electronic devices in a 5G communication environment. Therefore, user convenience can be enhanced.

A communication device is disclosed. The present communication device may include a master including a communication modem, and multiple slaves including antennas. The communication device may execute an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm and/or a machine learning algorithm, and may communicate with other electronic devices in a 5G communication environment. Therefore, user convenience can be enhanced.