A method includes forming a semiconductive channel layer on a substrate. A dummy gate is formed on the semiconductive channel layer. Gate spacers are formed on opposite sides of the dummy gate. The dummy gate is removed to form a gate trench between the gate spacers, resulting in the semiconductive channel layer exposed in the gate trench. A semiconductive protection layer is deposited in the gate trench and on the exposed semiconductive channel layer. A top portion of the semiconductive protection layer is oxidized to form an oxidation layer over a remaining portion of the semiconductive protection layer. The oxidation layer is annealed after the top portion of the semiconductive protection layer is oxidized. A gate structure is formed over the semiconductive protection layer and in the gate trench after the oxidation layer is annealed.

A method includes forming a p-well and an n-well in a substrate. The method further includes forming a stack of interleaving first semiconductor layers and second semiconductor layers over the p-well and the n-well, the first semiconductor layers having a first thickness and the second semiconductor layers having a second thickness different than the first thickness. The method further includes annealing the stack of interleaving semiconductor layers. The method further includes patterning the stack to form fin-shaped structures including a first fin-shaped structure over the n-well and a second fin-shaped structure over the p-well. The method further includes etching to remove the second semiconductor layers from the first and second fin-shaped structures, where the first semiconductor layers have a different thickness within each of the first and second fin-shaped structures after the etching. The method further includes forming a metal gate over the first and second fin-shaped structures.

A semiconductor device with isolation structures and a method of fabricating the same are disclosed. The method includes forming a fin structure on a substrate forming a superlattice structure with first and second nanostructured layers on the fin structure, forming a source/drain (S/D) opening in the superlattice structure, forming an isolation opening in the fin structure and below the S/D opening, forming a first isolation layer in the isolation opening, selectively forming an oxide layer on sidewalls of the S/D opening, selectively forming an inhibitor layer on the oxide layer, selectively depositing a second isolation layer on the first isolation layer, and forming S/D regions in the S/D opening on the second isolation layer.

A semiconductor device includes a first active region, a second active region spaced apart from the first active region, a plurality of first channel layers disposed on the first active region, and a second channel layer disposed on the second active region. The semiconductor device further includes a first gate structure intersecting the first active region and the first channel layers, a second gate structure intersecting the second active region and the second channel layer, a first source/drain region disposed on the first active region and contacting the plurality of first channel layers, and a second source/drain region and contacting the second channel layer. The plurality of first channel layers includes a first uppermost channel layer and first lower channel layers disposed below the first uppermost channel layer, and the first uppermost channel layer includes a material that is different from a material included in the first lower channel layers.

An integrated circuit (IC) with a semiconductor device and an interconnect structure with carbon layers and methods of fabricating the same are disclosed. The method includes forming a fin structure on a substrate, forming a source/drain region on the fin structure, forming a contact structure on the S/D region, forming an oxide layer on the contact structure, forming a conductive carbon line within a first insulating carbon layer on the oxide layer, forming a second insulating carbon layer on the first insulating carbon layer, and forming a via within the second insulating carbon layer.

A method includes depositing an interlayer dielectric (ILD) over a source/drain region, implanting impurities into a portion of the ILD, recessing the portion of the ILD to form a trench, forming spacers on sidewalls of the trench, the spacers including a spacer material, forming a source/drain contact in the trench and removing the spacers and the portion of the ILD with an etching process to form an air-gap, the air-gap disposed under and along sidewalls of the source/drain contact, where the etching process selectively etches the spacer material and the impurity.

A forksheet transistor device includes a dual dielectric pillar that includes a first dielectric and a second dielectric that is different from the first dielectric. The dual dielectric pillar physically separates pFET elements from nFET elements. For example, the first dielectric physically separates a pFET gate from a nFET gate while the second dielectric physically separates a pFET source/drain region from a nFET source drain region. When it is advantageous to electrically connect the pFET gate and the nFET gate, the first dielectric may be etched selective to the second dielectric to form a gate connector trench within the dual dielectric pillar. Subsequently, an electrically conductive gate connector strap may be formed within the gate connector trench to electrically connect the pFET gate and the nFET gate.

A semiconductor memory device includes a semiconductor substrate, a select gate on the semiconductor substrate, a control gate disposed adjacent to the select gate and having a first sidewall and a second sidewall, and a charge storage layer between the control gate and the semiconductor substrate. The control gate includes a third sidewall close to the second sidewall of the select gate, a fourth sidewall opposite to the third sidewall, and a non-planar top surface between the third sidewall and the fourth sidewall. The non-planar top surface includes a first surface region that descends from the third sidewall to the fourth sidewall. The charge storage layer extends to the second sidewall of the select gate.

A semiconductor structure may include one or more metal gates, one or more channels below the one or more metal gates, a gate dielectric layer separating the one or more metal gates from the one or more channels, and a high-k material embedded in the gate dielectric layer. Both the high-k material and the gate dielectric layer may be in direct contact with the one or more channels. The high-k material may provide threshold voltage variation in the one or more metal gates. The high-k material is a first high-k material or a second high-k material. The semiconductor structure may only include the first high-k material embedded in the gate dielectric layer. The semiconductor structure may only include the second high-k material embedded in the gate dielectric layer. The semiconductor structure may include both the first high-k material and the second high-k material embedded in the gate dielectric layer.

A semiconductor device includes: a substrate including first and second regions, first and second active patterns in the first and second regions, respectively; first source/drain patterns and a first channel pattern including first semiconductor patterns; second source/drain patterns and a second channel pattern including second semiconductor patterns; first and second gate electrodes on the first and second channel patterns, respectively; and a first gate dielectric layer and a second gate dielectric layer. The first gate dielectric layer includes a first interface layer between the first channel pattern and the first gate electrode, and a first high-k dielectric layer. The second gate dielectric layer includes a second interface layer and a second high-k dielectric layer between the second channel pattern and the second gate electrode. A thickness of the first high-k dielectric layer is greater than that of the second high-k dielectric layer. A thickness of the first semiconductor pattern is less than that of the second semiconductor pattern