The hemodialysis system includes a closed loop dialysate flow path which includes a dialyzer and a reservoir for storing dialysate, and a closed loop blood flow path which passes through the dialyzer in the opposite direction as the dialysate flow path. In addition, the hemodialysis system includes pumps for pumping dialysate and blood through their respective flow paths, a flow sensor for measuring the flow rate of dialysate in the dialysate flow path, and a level sensor for measuring the level of dialysate in the dialysate reservoir. A processor is connected to the flow sensor, reservoir level sensor and pumps to provide a first closed loop control system including the processor, flow sensor and a first dialysate pump, and a second closed loop control system including the processor, level sensor and a second dialysate pump which enable the processor to initiate, monitor and maintain ultrafiltration.

A blood based solute monitoring system for measuring at least one blood solute species that has a first recirculation flow path in communication with a dialyzer. The first recirculation flow path is configured to allow a fluid to recirculate through a dialyzer such that the concentration of at least one solute species in the fluid becomes equilibrated to the solute species concentration of the blood compartment of the dialyzer. The blood solute monitoring system has at least one sensor to measure a fluid characteristic.

The present invention relates to a method for detecting the body temperature of a patient, wherein the patient has a fistula for draining blood into an extracorporeal circuit and/or for supplying blood from an extracorporeal circuit, wherein a thermal image recording of the fistula or of a part of the fistula is produced by means of an infrared camera for the purpose of detecting the body temperature of the patient. The present invention further relates to a dialysis machine.

Apparatuses, systems, and methods for the performance of kidney replacement therapy having or using a dialyzer, control components, sorbent cartridge, and fluid reservoirs configured to be of a weight and size suitable to be worn or carried by an individual requiring treatment are disclosed. The system has a controlled compliance dialysis circuit, where a control pump controls the bi-directional movement of fluid across a dialysis membrane. A first sorbent cartridge is provided for use in a portable treatment module having activated carbon and zirconium oxide. The system also provides for the monitoring of an inlet and outlet conductivity of a sorbent cartridge containing urease to provide a facility to quantify or monitor the removal of urea by a detachable urea removal module.

A blood based solute monitoring system for measuring at least one blood solute species that has a first recirculation flow path in communication with a dialyzer. The first recirculation flow path is configured to allow a fluid to recirculate through a dialyzer such that the concentration of at least one solute species in the fluid becomes equilibrated to the solute species concentration of the blood compartment of the dialyzer. The blood solute monitoring system has at least one sensor to measure a fluid characteristic.

An extracorporeal blood treatment apparatus is provided comprising a filtration unit connected to a blood circuit and to a dialysate circuit; a control unit is configured for calculating a sodium concentration value for the blood; the estimation of the sodium concentration includes the sub-step of calculating the sodium concentration value as an algebraic sum of a main contribution term based on the isoconductive sodium concentrate and of an offset contribution term based on a concentration of at least a substance in the dialysis fluid chosen in the group including bicarbonate, potassium, acetate, lactate, citrate, magnesium, calcium, sulphate and phosphate.

A blood based solute monitoring system for measuring at least one blood solute species that has a first recirculation flow path in fluid communication with a dialyzer. The first recirculation flow path is configured to allow a fluid to recirculate through a dialyzer such that the concentration of at least one solute species in the fluid becomes equilibrated to the solute species concentration of the blood in a blood compartment of the dialyzer. The blood solute monitoring system has at least one sensor to measure a fluid characteristic.

A component concentration sensing system includes a first component concentration sensor, a collector and a second component concentration sensor. The first component concentration sensor is provided to a channel through which flows a liquid whose component concentration is to be sensed, and is configured to irradiate the liquid with light and sense the component concentration in the liquid from a degree of light absorption. The collector is arranged to collect the liquid flowing through the channel. The second component concentration sensor is configured to irradiate the liquid collected in the collector with light and sense the component concentration in the liquid from the degree of light absorption.

A device for extracorporeal blood treatment includes a balancing system and calculates an ultrafiltration volume (UF.sub.D) as a volume withdrawal on the basis of a pressure difference (.sub.P) and a temperature difference (.sub.T) at an inlet and an outlet of at least two balance chambers. To this end, pressure sensors are arranged directly behind an inlet and an outlet of the at least two balance chambers, respectively, and determine a fluid pressure at their respective position, and temperature sensors are arranged at inputs of the at least two balance chambers and determine a temperature in the inlet and the outlet of the balance chamber. The ultrafiltration volume (UD.sub.F) is calculated using the pressure difference (.sub.P) established on the basis of fluid pressure values determined by the pressure sensors, and the temperature difference (.sub.T) established on the basis of temperature values determined by the temperature sensors.

Apparatuses, systems, and methods for the performance of kidney replacement therapy having or using a dialyzer, control components, sorbent cartridge, and fluid reservoirs configured to be of a weight and size suitable to be worn or carried by an individual requiring treatment are disclosed. The system has a controlled compliance dialysis circuit, where a control pump controls the bi-directional movement of fluid across a dialysis membrane. A first sorbent cartridge is provided for use in a portable treatment module having activated carbon and zirconium oxide. The system also provides for the monitoring of an inlet and outlet conductivity of a sorbent cartridge containing urease to provide a facility to quantify or monitor the removal of urea by a detachable urea removal module.