Core-shell nanoparticles having a solid core comprising a first metal and a shell comprising a second metal disposed at least a portion of the exterior surface of the core. The core-shell nanoparticles comprise a non-precious transition metal and the second metal comprises a precious metal or semi-precious metal. The core-shell nanoparticles can be used to catalyze oxygen reduction reactions. Also provided are compositions comprising the core-shell nanoparticles, methods of making same, and devices of same.

Proposed is a catalyst complex having high activity for carbon dioxide conversion reaction that converts carbon dioxide to useful compounds through reaction of carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon containing at least one hydroxyl group, and a carbon dioxide conversion process using the same, wherein the catalyst complex includes, as an active metal in the catalyst complex, at least one of noble metals and at least one of transition metals other than noble metals, thereby having high activity for the carbon dioxide conversion reaction.

An apparatus for the production of hydrogen from a fuel source includes a combustor configured to receive a combustor fuel and convert the combustor fuel into a combustor heat; a reformer disposed annularly about the combustor, a removable structured catalyst support disposed within the gap and coated with a catalyst to induce combustor fuel combustion reactions that convert the combustor fuel to the combustor heat, and a combustor fuel injection aperture configured for mixing combustion fuel into the combustion catalyst. The combustor fuel injection aperture being disposed along a length of the combustion zone. The reformer and the combustor define a gap therebetween and the reformer is configured to receive the combustor heat.

Zeolite catalysts and systems and methods for preparing and using zeolite catalysts having the CHA crystal structure are disclosed. The catalysts can be used to remove nitrogen oxides from a gaseous medium across a broad temperature range and exhibit hydrothermal stable at high reaction temperatures. The zeolite catalysts include a zeolite carrier having a silica to alumina ratio from about 15:1 to about 256:1 and a copper to alumina ratio from about 0.25:1 to about 1:1.

A method for preparing hydrogen-rich synthesis gas by degrading waste polyolefin plastics at a low temperature includes the following steps: weighing 1 part by weight of polyolefin waste plastics and 3 parts-80 parts by weight of hydrogen peroxide containing 0.25%-6% of H.sub.2O.sub.2; feeding the polyolefin waste plastics and the hydrogen peroxide into a hydrothermal reactor, and carrying out the oxidation pretreatment reaction at a reaction temperature of 150° C.-230° C. under a reaction pressure of 0.5 MPa-2 MPa for 30 minutes-90 minutes, and obtaining an aqueous-phase product and a gas-phase product after the reaction is finished; filling another hydrothermal reactor with a mesoporous carbon supported metal-based catalyst, and then introducing the aqueous-phase product into the hydrothermal reactor for a reforming reaction to obtain a hydrogen-rich synthesis gas product. In the whole process, the H.sub.2 yield is close to 11 mol/kg plastics, and the H.sub.2 concentration in the hydrogen-rich synthesis gas is close to 55%.

A method for producing a bio-jet fuel includes a reaction step of hydrogenating, isomerizing, and decomposing a crude oil obtained by a deoxygenation treatment of a raw oil containing a triglyceride and/or a free fatty acid, by using a hydrogenation catalyst and an isomerization catalyst in a hydrogen atmosphere under conditions of a reaction temperature of 180° C. to 350° C. and a pressure of 0.1 MPa to 30 MPa.

The present disclosure provides a method for preparing a supported metal alloy catalyst for low temperature engine exhaust oxidation without CO or NO inhibition. The catalyst includes bimetallic PdCu alloy deposited on a SiO.sub.2 support using the strong electrostatic adsorption method. The PdCu catalyst may be combined with a traditional PGM-based automotive oxidation catalyst in a series or dual-bed configuration. The first stage of the dual-bed system includes the PdCu catalyst, with the primary role of oxidizing CO at low temperature; the PGM-based catalyst in the second stage then oxidizes NO and hydrocarbons in the absence of any CO-inhibition effects.

Embodiments of the present invention relates to two improved catalysts and associated processes that directly converts carbon dioxide and hydrogen to liquid fuels. The catalytic converter is comprised of two catalysts in series that are operated at the same pressures to directly produce synthetic liquid fuels or synthetic natural gas. The carbon conversion efficiency for CO.sub.2 to liquid fuels is greater than 45%. The fuel is distilled into a premium diesel fuels (approximately 70 volume %) and naphtha (approximately 30 volume %) which are used directly as “drop-in” fuels without requiring any further processing. Any light hydrocarbons that are present with the carbon dioxide are also converted directly to fuels. This process is directly applicable to the conversion of CO.sub.2 collected from ethanol plants, cement plants, power plants, biogas, carbon dioxide/hydrocarbon mixtures from secondary oil recovery, and other carbon dioxide/hydrocarbon streams. The catalyst system is durable, efficient and maintains a relatively constant level of fuel productivity over long periods of time without requiring re-activation or replacement.

A catalyst for catalytic oxidation-deoxidation method of unsaturated hydrocarbon-containing gas has a carrier, an active component, a first co-agent component, and a second co-agent component loaded on the carrier respectively. The active component is one or more selected from the group consisting of oxides of Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh, Ag and Ir. The first co-agent component has one or more selected from the group consisting of a rare earth metal element, a group IVB metal element and a group VIII metal element; and the second co-agent component has one or more alkali metal element and alkaline earth metal element. The deoxidation method using the catalyst eliminates the need to add a reducing gas such as H.sub.2, allows hydrocarbons to react directly with oxygen to produce CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2O, achieves the goal of deoxidating a hydrocarbon-containing tail gas, and can prevent the generation of carbon deposits.

Disclosed is a process for converting methane into value-added compounds. In this process, a gas mixture containing hydrogen as well as high-concentration acetylene formed through methane pyrolysis (e.g. non-oxidative coupling of methane) is selectively hydrogenated in the presence of a bimetallic supported catalyst. This process obtains ethylene from acetylene in the gas mixture while unreacted methane and hydrogen are recovered as byproducts and/or additionally recycled.