An embodiment of a system includes a power source and at least two electrode assembles. The power source that an output current that alternates between a maximum current value and a minimum current value; a pair of electrode assemblies. Each electrode assembly is configured to be held in contact with a skin layer of a user. Additionally, each electrode assembly includes an electrode that is coupled to the power source to receive the output current from the power source. At least one of the electrode assemblies in the pair includes a medium that carries an active agent having a charge, the medium being provided on the at least one electrode assembly to enable the output current to repel the active agent into the skin layer for a duration in which the output current has a polarity that is the same as a polarity of the active agent.

Methods and apparatus are provided for applying an fragment of a neurotoxin such as the active light chain (LC) of the botulinum toxin (BoNT), such as one of the serotype A, B, C, D, E, F or G botulinum toxins, via permeabilization of targeted cell membranes to enable translocation of the botulinum neurotoxin light chain (BoNT-LC) molecule across the targeted cell membrane to the cell cytosol where a therapeutic response is produced in a mammalian system. The methods and apparatus include use of catheter based delivery systems, non-invasive delivery systems, and transdermal delivery systems.

Several embodiments disclosed herein relate to the delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids to an ocular tissue in order to provide a therapeutic effect to reduce symptoms of or otherwise alleviate an ocular disorder. In particular embodiments, plasmid DNA is delivered to the cells of the trabecular meshwork in order to ameliorate increasing intraocular pressure. Devices and systems to accomplish this delivery are also disclosed.

Provided are a stem cell-nano anticancer drug complex in which an anticancer drug based on carbon nanotubes (CNT) and gold (Au) nano particles is loaded on the surface of stem cells, which can overcome side effects of conventional stem cells and targeting limitations of nano anticancer drugs and whose anticancer effect is very excellent, the use thereof, and a method for preparing the same.

The present invention relates to a method for the treatment of cancer in a subject which comprises the steps of: (i) administering electroporation to a tumour in the subject; and (II) administering a T or B-cell activiating agent to the subject, wherein step (i) and (II) may be performed in either order.

Disclosed herein is a vaccine comprising an antigen and one or more bimolecular adjuvant. Also disclosed herein are methods for increasing an immune response in a subject. The methods may comprise administering the vaccine to the subject in need thereof.

Methods and compositions are provided here to manage tractional membranes, as well as other diseases and disorders of the eye. Compositions comprising microbubbles associated with enzymes or vitreolytic agents, are provided. The method of the present invention involves administration of the microbubble and an enzyme or vitreolytic agent to a subject in need thereof, followed by application of ultrasound.

Disclosed herein is a vaccine comprising an antigen and IL-21. Also disclosed herein are methods for increasing an immune response in a subject. The methods may comprise administering the vaccine to the subject in need thereof.

Methods and compositions for treating a seizure disorder are provided which include administering to the patient a vector encoding a modified receptor for delivery of the modified receptor to the target location, the modified receptor being modified to be activated by a synthetic ligand, wherein the modified receptor inhibits neuronal firing when activated; and administering to the patient the synthetic ligand. Also provided are methods and compositions for treating a seizure disorder in a patient in need thereof by administering to the patient a vector encoding a modified receptor for delivery of the modified receptor to the target location, the modified receptor being modified to be activated by a synthetic ligand, wherein the modified receptor increases neuronal firing when activated; and administering to the patient the synthetic ligand. The methods are used to improve or alleviate one or more symptoms of a seizure disorder.

Disclosed herein is a therapeutic comprising hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1). Also disclosed herein is a method for treating hypoxia or ischemia in a subject in need thereof. The method may comprise administering the vaccine to the subject in need thereof.