A method of selecting a treatment for a subject having cancer is disclosed. The method comprises: (a) determining a level of catalytic activity of at least one DNA repair enzyme in a biological sample of the subject; and (b) selecting an immune checkpoint regulator as a treatment for a subject having a statistically significant different level of catalytic activity of the DNA repair enzyme as compared to the catalytic activity of the DNA repair enzyme in a biological sample of a healthy subject.

The present disclosure relates to compounds that are useful as near-infrared fluorescence probes, wherein the compounds include i) a pteroyl ligand that binds to a target receptor protein, ii) a dye molecule, and iii) a linker molecule that comprises an amino acid or derivative thereof. The disclosure further describes methods and compositions for incorporating the compounds as used for the targeted imaging of tumors. Conjugation of the amino acid linking groups increase specificity and detection of the compound. Methods and compositions for use thereof in diagnostic imaging are contemplated.

Disclosed herein are high performance biomarkers and panel for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) early detection useful for identifying, diagnosing and treating SCLC patients at an early stage. The method of detecting and diagnosing small cell lung cancer (SCLC) includes contacting a sample from a subject suspected of being at-risk of acquiring or having SCLC with at least two SCLC-specific autoantibody molecules and detecting binding of four different protein typesSCLC autoantibody-antigen complexes, SCLC uncomplexed autoantibodies, SCLC associated proteins and SCLC glycoproteinsin the sample, thereby detecting SCLC in the subject.

The present invention provides therapeutic and diagnostic methods and compositions for cancer, for example, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The invention provides methods of treating NSCLC, methods of determining whether a patient suffering from NSCLC is likely to respond to treatment comprising a PD-L1 axis binding antagonist, methods of predicting responsiveness of a patient suffering from NSCLC to treatment comprising a PD-L1 axis binding antagonist, and methods of selecting a therapy for a patient suffering from NSCLC, based on expression levels of a biomarker of the invention (e.g., PD-L1 expression levels in tumor cells and/or tumor-infiltrating immune cells).

The present invention relates to an assay for detecting secreted proteome acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), and more specifically to its use in evaluating lung cancer.

Provided are methods for aiding in diagnosis and treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) adenocarcinoma. The methods involve determining elevated circulating Interleukin-18 (IL-18) values to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC. Medical interventions based on determining circulating IL-18 levels are provided and include additional scanning, surgical resection of tumors, and administration of adjuvant therapy, such as chemotherapy or immune therapy.

Provided are methods for aiding in diagnosis and treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) adenocarcinoma. The methods involve determining elevated circulating Interleukin-18 (IL-18) values to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC. Medical interventions based on determining circulating IL-18 levels are provided and include additional scanning, surgical resection of tumors, and administration of adjuvant therapy, such as chemotherapy or immune therapy.

Provided herein are methods and systems of molecular profiling of diseases, such as cancer. In some embodiments, the molecular profiling can be used to identify treatments for a disease, such as treatments that were not initially identified as a treatment for the disease or not expected to be a treatment for a particular disease.

A system and method for analyzing a sputum sample from a subject suspected of having lung cancer comprising obtaining a plurality of cells from the sputum sample from the subject, marking the plurality of cells with i) a plurality of cell lineage specific marker compositions, ii) a cell viability composition and iii) a tetra (4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (TCPP) composition; analyzing with the flow cytometer the plurality of cells marked with i-iii to obtain a subpopulation selected for cell size from the plurality of cells based upon an automatically selected bead size exclusion gate; from the cell size selected subpopulation, selecting a viable singlet population of cells using an automated non-debris gate and an automated singlets gate; from the viable singlet population of cells, obtaining flow cytometer values based upon the plurality of cell lineage specific marker compositions, the viability marker and the TCPP marker; applying a trained classifier to meta data from the subject and the flow cytometric values obtained; and generating, based upon the application of the trained classifier, a classification for the sputum sample wherein the classification is selected from a plurality of classification options comprising cancer and non-cancer.

Provided are methods and related kits for detection of early stage lung cancer, and determination of risk of harboring lung cancer.