A composition includes a hybrid ligand. The hybrid ligand includes an amine group, an amide group or a sulfonamide group, and hydroxyl groups. A first method includes providing a solution containing a first polar analyte and a second polar analyte, applying the solution to a stationary phase including an immobilized hybrid ligand, applying an elution solvent to the stationary phase such that the first polar analyte and the second polar analyte pass through the stationary phase with different elution times, and collecting the first polar analyte at a first elution time and collecting the second polar analyte at a second elution time after the first elution time. A device of a packed column, a cartridge, a tube, a well plate, a membrane, or a planar thin-layer chromatography plate includes a solid support and a hybrid ligand coupled to the solid support. A second method forms an immobilized hybrid ligand.

The present disclosure provides an apparatus for sampling at least one analyte from a sampling fluid. The apparatus includes: a solid-phase microextraction (SPME) sampling instrument. A connector is attached to the SPME sampling instrument and is coupleable to an aerial drone. The apparatus includes a protective cover that is sized and shaped to at least partially surround the SPME sampling instrument. The SPME sampling instrument and the protective cover are movable in relation to each other between a protecting configuration and a sampling configuration. The SPME sampling instrument and the protective cover are (i) biased in the protecting configuration when the density of the fluid surrounding the SPME sampling instrument is less than the density of the sampling fluid; and (ii) biased in the sampling configuration when the density of the fluid surrounding the SPME sampling instrument is equal to or greater than the density of the sampling fluid.

The present invention provides a method for hydrophobization of a hydrophilic material, the method including introducing a hydrophobic group into a hydroxyl group (OH group) on a surface of the hydrophilic material. A method for hydrophobization of a hydrophilic material, the method comprising reacting a hydrophilic material to be hydrophobized with a hydrophobic group-containing silylating agent in presence of an amino acid as a reaction accelerator, to introduce a hydrophobic group-containing silyl group to a surface of the hydrophilic material. A hydrophobized silica gel column filler is produced by using the method. Further, a hydrophobized silica gel column is produced by filling a column with the hydrophobized silica gel column filler.

Amine functional solid sorbents for carbon dioxide capture and sequestration may be prepared from metal oxide foam solid sorbent supports by treating an appropriate metal oxide foam solid sorbent support with an amine material. Desirable are metal oxide foam solid sorbent supports with a foam structure and morphology at least substantially absent hollow sphere, layered sphere, wormlike and amorphous structure and morphology components. The amine materials may be sorbed into the metal oxide foam solid sorbent support, or alternatively chemically bonded, such as but not limited to covalently bonded, to the metal oxide foam solid sorbent support.

A method for solid-phase extraction is disclosed. The method includes fabricating a solid-phase extraction medium by incorporating a plurality of modified mesoporous silica particles within pores of a cotton fabric matrix, putting the solid-phase extraction medium in contact with a fluid containing metal ions including one of immersing the solid-phase extraction medium in the fluid containing metal ions or passing the fluid containing metal ions through the solid-phase extraction medium by continuously circulating the fluid through the solid-phase extraction medium, and extracting the metal ions from the fluid by adsorbing the metal ions onto the solid-phase extraction medium responsive to a contact between the solid-phase extraction medium and the fluid containing metal ions.

A product for adsorbing one or more PFAS from a liquid is disclosed. The product may comprise attapulgite that has been surface functionalized with (a) a quaternary amine surface coating solution that comprises a mono-quaternary amine compound or a di-quaternary amine compound and (b) a mercapto surface coating solution that comprises a surface coating agent that includes one or more mercapto groups that chemically bond to the attapulgite surface. When the quaternary amine surface coating solution includes the mono-quaternary amine compound, the product is free of di-quaternary amines. When the quaternary amine surface coating solution includes the di-quaternary amine compound, the product is free of mono-quaternary amines. Also disclosed is a method of producing the product and a method of adsorbing a PFAS in a liquid using the product.

A product for adsorbing one or more PFAS from a liquid is disclosed. The product may comprise attapulgite or sepiolite that has been surface functionalized with (a) a quaternary amine surface coating solution that comprises a mono-quaternary amine compound or a di-quaternary amine compound and (b) a mercapto surface coating solution that comprises a surface coating agent that includes one or more mercapto groups that chemically bond to the attapulgite or sepiolite surface. When the quaternary amine surface coating solution includes the mono-quaternary amine compound, the product is free of di-quaternary amines. When the quaternary amine surface coating solution includes the di-quaternary amine compound, the product is free of mono-quaternary amines. Also disclosed is a method of producing the product and a method of adsorbing a PFAS in a liquid using the product.

A nanoclay based solid sorbent is provided having a nanoclay with at least one surface, and at least one amine containing compound wherein the amine containing compound is attached to the surface, as well as a method of making it. A method of capturing carbon dioxide gas is disclosed includes passing a gas from an effluent process stream containing carbon dioxide through the nanoclay based solid sorbent and capturing the carbon dioxide gas on the surface and within the nanoclay based solid sorbent. The nanoclay based solid sorbent having the captured carbon dioxide gas is regenerated by undergoing one or more cycles of desorption of the captured carbon dioxide gas from the nanoclay. The regenerated nanoclay based solid sorbent may then be reused.

The present invention relates to mesoporous silica particles functionalized with at least one group having an acidic functionality and/or at least one group having a hydrophobic functionality anchored to the silica by means of a silicon-oxygen bond. The acidic functionality is preferably an alkyl group bearing a group selected from SO.sub.3H, COOH, PO(OH).sub.2.

The hydrophobic functionality is preferably a saturated, linear alkyl group.

The invention also relates to the use of the mesoporous silica particles for the removal of proteins from and/or the reduction of the concentration of several metals in a beverage having a pH lower than 4, preferably wine, beer, cider, and a combination thereof.

Guanidine-functionalized perlite particles are provided. Nonwoven articles are also provided, including a fibrous porous matrix and guanidine-functionalized perlite particles enmeshed in the fibrous porous matrix. Laminated articles are additionally provided, including a first substrate and a second substrate sealed to the first substrate along at least a portion of a perimeter of the first substrate. The laminated article further includes guanidine-functionalized perlite particles disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. Methods of detecting microorganisms or target cellular analytes in a fluid sample using guanidine-functionalized particles or laminated articles are also provided.