A method of forming an inorganic nano-material by thermally treating metal-infused organic polymers to remove the organics to leave an inorganic nano-material where the metal-infused organic polymer precursor may be formed by a polymer synthesis reaction of organic monomers with a metal-containing precursor and by combining a metal containing precursor with at least one organic monomer to obtain a mixture and initiating a polymerization reaction of the mixture to form a metal-infused organic polymer precursor.

A mixed ionic and electronic conductor represented by Formula 1:
T.sub.xVa.sub.yA.sub.1-x-yM.sub.zO.sub.3-δ,
wherein T includes at least one monovalent cation, A includes at least one of a monovalent cation, a divalent cation, and a trivalent cation, M includes at least one of a trivalent cation, a tetravalent cation, and a pentavalent cation, M is an element other than Ti and Zr, Va is a vacancy, δ is an oxygen vacancy, 0<x, y≤0.25, 0<z<1, and 0≤δ≤1.

A method for making a catalyst for ozone decomposition includes: adding a reducing agent into a water solution of a permanganate salt to obtain a first reaction liquid, and heating the first reaction liquid under continuous stirring to form a birnessite-type manganese dioxide; and adding the birnessite-type manganese dioxide into a water solution of an ammonium salt to obtain a second reaction liquid, and heating the second reaction liquid under continuous stirring to form the catalyst.

A material synthesis method may comprise: adding at least one liquid precursor solution to an atomizer device; generating by the atomizer device an aerosol comprising liquid droplets; transporting the aerosol to a reactive zone for evaporating one or more solvents from the aerosol; and collecting particles synthesized from at least evaporating the aerosol.

Thermochemical storage materials having the general formula A.sub.xA′.sub.1-xB.sub.yB′.sub.1-yO.sub.3-δ, where A=La, Sr, K, Ca, Ba, Y and B=Mn, Fe, Co, Ti, Ni, Cu, Zr, Al, Y, Cr, V, Nb, Mo, are disclosed. These materials have improved thermal storage energy density and reaction kinetics compared to previous materials. Concentrating solar power thermochemical systems and methods capable of storing heat energy by using these thermochemical storage materials are also disclosed.

A stabilized lithium ion cathode material comprising a calcined manganese oxide powder wherein the manganese on a surface is MnPO.sub.4, comprises an manganese phosphate bond, or the phosphate is bonded to the surface of the cathode material.

A LiMnO.sub.2 production method includes generating cubic crystal LiMnO.sub.2 nanoparticles by adding an organic solvent, manganese oxide nanoparticles, and lithium amide in a reaction vessel and heating in an inert atmosphere. and a washing and recovering the generated particles. Wurtzite type MnO nanoparticles are preferably used as the manganese oxide. As a result, LiMnO.sub.2 nanoparticles that have a substantially similar particle size to wurtzite type MnO nanoparticles can be obtained from an Mn raw material. Nanoparticles having a hollow structure can be obtained by controlling the reaction temperature.

A LiMnO.sub.2 production method includes generating cubic crystal LiMnO.sub.2 nanoparticles by adding an organic solvent, manganese oxide nanoparticles, and lithium amide in a reaction vessel and heating in an inert atmosphere. and a washing and recovering the generated particles. Wurtzite type MnO nanoparticles are preferably used as the manganese oxide. As a result, LiMnO.sub.2 nanoparticles that have a substantially similar particle size to wurtzite type MnO nanoparticles can be obtained from an Mn raw material. Nanoparticles having a hollow structure can be obtained by controlling the reaction temperature.

The present invention relates to a positive electrode active material and a lithium secondary battery including the same, and more particularly, to a positive electrode active material which includes an overlithiated lithium manganese-based oxide including at least lithium, nickel, manganese and a doping metal, and in which the degradation in stability caused by excessive amounts of lithium and manganese in the lithium manganese-based oxide is mitigated and/or prevented by controlling the concentration of a transition metal in the lithium manganese-based oxide for each region, and a lithium secondary battery including the same.

High surface area, high entropy oxides comprising multiple metal cations in a single-phase fluorite lattice material enables intrinsic catalytic activity without platinum group metals, tunable oxygen storage capacity, and thermal stability. These properties can be obtained through a facile sol-gel synthesis to provide a low-temperature route for production of phase-pure multi-cationic oxides. The resulting materials achieved significantly higher surface area and catalytic performance, taking advantage of all the properties endowed by the various cations in the composition.