When bacteria growth is determined in the related art using an ATP method, the bacteria growth is determined, based on an increase or a decrease in live bacteria ATP with the lapse of a culture time. Accordingly, it is necessary to measure the live bacteria ATP multiple times while antimicrobial susceptibility culture is carried out. It takes time and labor in sample preparation for each measurement, and it is difficult to quickly obtain an antimicrobial susceptibility result. Therefore, according to the present invention, the presence or absence of antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria is determined, based on an ATP luminescence amount derived from dead bacteria in a culture liquid.

A kit for detecting bacterial ATP in a sample is provided. The kit comprises an aqueous composition having a pH of about 6.0 to 7.2. The aqueous composition comprises effective amounts of a polyol, a buffer reagent, a protein, and ATP-diphosphohydrolase. A method of using the kit to detect bacterial ATP is also provided.

The present invention provides a measuring method for at least one of a kinase forward reaction substrate, a phosphorylated product thereof, and a precursor thereof, and includes a step of conducting an enzymatic cycling reaction by bringing at least a kinase, a first nucleotide coenzyme of the kinase, and a second nucleotide coenzyme having a different nucleoside moiety from the first nucleotide coenzyme into contact with a sample; a step of detecting a signal corresponding to a change of at least one of the first nucleotide coenzyme and a conversion product thereof, and the second nucleotide coenzyme and a conversion product thereof; and (3) a step of calculating, on the basis of the detected change of the signal, an amount of the kinase forward reaction substrate and/or the phosphorylated product thereof contained in the sample.

A method, comprising the steps of providing a sample containing contaminating nucleoside diphosphates and/or nucleoside triphosphates, such as ATP and/or ATP analogues including deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates; reducing the amount of the contaminating nucleoside diphosphates and/or nucleoside triphosphates in the sample with an apyrase enzyme, wherein said apyrase enzyme is a Shigella flexneri apyrase; and performing an analysis of the sample, wherein said analysis comprises an assay that would have been affected by the contaminating nucleoside diphosphates and/or nucleoside triphosphates had they not been reduced in the reduction step.

Mitochondrial respirometry is used to study mitochondrial functionality in healthy tissues as well as mitochondrial diseases or diseases having a link to mitochondrial function such as diabetes mellitus type 2, obesity and cancer. However, barriers to studying energy metabolism are high due to the limitations of conventional technologies which require the analysis of living or freshly isolated biological specimens. The invention disclosed herein provides a new technology to assess cellular energy production capacity in previously frozen biological specimens.

The present disclosure provides analyte sensors including one or more NAD(P)-dependent enzymes and an internal supply of NAD(P) for the detection of an analyte. The present disclosure further provides methods of using such analyte sensors for detecting one or more analytes present in a biological sample of a subject, and methods of manufacturing said analyte sensors.

A method, an electrochemical sensor and a system for selective detection of infections. The method detects a concentration of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NADH, from a bacterial culture through a cyclic voltammetry or chronoamperometry applied to an electrochemically active polymer. Therefore, prokaryotic cells can be detected while eukaryotic cells remain undetected. The infections can include bacterial infections and fungi or yeasts microbial infections.

Provided is a technique capable of easily performing a microbial test with high accuracy. A microbial test kit of the present disclosure includes: a first syringe capable of collecting a specimen and having a first syringe needle; a second syringe containing an ATP extraction reagent and having a second syringe needle; a sealed reaction container having a first opening, a first sealing member fitted to the first opening, a nozzle, a nozzle cap covering the nozzle, and a filter disposed so as to partition the first opening and the nozzle; a waste liquid container including a second opening and a second sealing member fitted to the second opening, and sealed under reduced pressure; and a luminescence measurement container that includes a third opening and a third sealing member fitted to the third opening, stores a luminescent reagent that emits light in presence of ATP, and is sealed under reduced pressure.

Method and systems for measuring growth rate in plant or aquatic animal species such as embryonic or adult fish. The methods and systems utilize the measurement of NADH.sub.2 production by detecting a colorimetric and fluorescent shift when a redox indicator such as resazurin is added to a sample. The colorimetric/fluorescent shift is indicative of the reduction of the redox indicator by NADH.sub.2. The methods and systems of the present invention may be used to predict growth potential of a plant or animal, and measuring the growth rate of said plant or animal may be helpful for identifying and selecting individuals within a group that have greater growth potential. The methods and systems of the present invention may help eliminate the need for special equipment (e.g., for measuring oxygen consumption), decrease variability of measures, and minimize the effects of external factors (feeding/hormonal status).

Provided is a ultra-high-sensitivity assay in which the assay can be made on a commonly used assay apparatus such as an absorptiometer and a plate reader or with naked eyes. The high-sensitivity assay in which the assay can be made on a commonly used assay apparatus or with naked eyes can be provided by combining an enzyme cycling method using thio-NAD(P) as a coenzyme, a labeling enzyme and a substrate for the labeling enzyme optimally, and by amplifying thio-NAD(P)H, which is a signaling substance, exponentially and then quantifying the thio-NAD(P)H colorimetrically.