Catalysts for selective production of hydrogen peroxide and methods of making and using thereof have been developed. The catalysts include an alloyed or doped metal oxide which permits tuning of the catalytic properties of the catalysts for selection of a desired pathway to a product, such as hydrogen peroxide. The catalysts may be incorporated into electrochemical or photochemical devices.

A method for producing 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) by electrocatalytic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is provided, where the catalytic oxidation is conducted using an electrolytic cell; the electrolytic cell is a three-electrode electrolytic cell or a two-electrode electrolytic cell; an anode used is a monolithic electrode; the monolithic electrode includes a carrier and a catalytically active substance loaded on the carrier; and the catalytically active substance includes cobaltosic oxide particle-encapsulated nitrogen-doped carbon nanowires. The method has high activity and high selectivity, and the anodic catalyst is highly tolerant to HMF.

A method for producing 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) by electrocatalytic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is provided, where the catalytic oxidation is conducted using an electrolytic cell; the electrolytic cell is a three-electrode electrolytic cell or a two-electrode electrolytic cell; an anode used is a monolithic electrode; the monolithic electrode includes a carrier and a catalytically active substance loaded on the carrier; and the catalytically active substance includes cobaltosic oxide particle-encapsulated nitrogen-doped carbon nanowires. The method has high activity and high selectivity, and the anodic catalyst is highly tolerant to HMF.

An alkaline water electrolysis vessel including: a first frame body defining an anode chamber and including an electroconductive first separating wall and a first flange part; a second frame body defining a cathode chamber and including an electroconductive second separating wall and a second flange part; an ion-permeable separating membrane being arranged between the first frame body and the second frame body, and separating the anode chamber and the cathode chamber; an anode being arranged in the anode chamber, and being electrically connected with the first separating wall; and a cathode being arranged in the cathode chamber, and being electrically connected with the second separating wall, the first frame body further including: a nickel-plating layer of no less than 40 .Math.m in thickness, and being arranged at least on a wet part of a first surface of the first frame body which faces the anode chamber.

A hypochlorous acid water preparation agent merely contains elements without concern for the human body, allows hypochlorous acid water to be prepared without effort, and can be stored or transported easily. The hypochlorous acid water preparation agent is an additive for preparing hypochlorous acid water by electrolyzing an electrolytic solution obtained by dissolving an electrolyte in a specified amount of water. The additive consists of sodium chloride, sodium diacetate, and optional sodium hydrogencarbonate. The additive is in powder form, particle form, granule form, or tablet form.

A dual-chamber electrolysis vessel safely stores HHO gas for use by an internal combustion engine.

A dual-chamber electrolysis vessel safely stores HHO gas for use by an internal combustion engine.

Ammonia, methanol, Fischer Tropsch products, and derivatives thereof are made by using hydrogen and oxygen supplied from an electrolyzer that is at least partially powered by renewable power, resulting in green process and systems that produce green products disclosed herein. A process using biomass and renewable energy includes producing an unshifted syngas from biomass and oxygen in a gasification unit, introducing water into an electrolyzer to produce an oxygen product and a hydrogen product, and introducing the oxygen product to the gasification unit. The electrolyzer is powered by renewable energy, and the oxygen product supplies at least a portion of the oxygen to the gasification unit.

Ammonia, methanol, Fischer Tropsch products, and derivatives thereof are made by using hydrogen and oxygen supplied from an electrolyzer that is at least partially powered by renewable power, resulting in green process and systems that produce green products disclosed herein. A process using biomass and renewable energy includes producing an unshifted syngas from biomass and oxygen in a gasification unit, introducing water into an electrolyzer to produce an oxygen product and a hydrogen product, and introducing the oxygen product to the gasification unit. The electrolyzer is powered by renewable energy, and the oxygen product supplies at least a portion of the oxygen to the gasification unit.

An HHO gas second fuel is produced in a pressure-resistant container and distributed at a low volumetric rate at multiple locations about the internal combustion engine.