A purging agent that has excellent purging performance without generation of aggregate is disclosed as a purging agent used in a purging operation where a resin to be processed contains a polar group-containing thermoplastic resin. This purging agent contain a hydrocarbon-based resin, and at least one metal salt among an alkaline metal salt and alkaline earth metal salt, has a water content of 0.15% by weight or less, and includes 0.1 to 20% by weight of the metal salt expressed as the metal relative to the hydrocarbon-based resin.

Articles of manufacture, such as paper towels, that contain polymer particles, for example water-soluble polymer particles, for example water-soluble soil adsorbing polymer particles and processes for making same are provided.

Described herein is a non-aqueous composition including (a) an organic protic solvent, (b) ammonia, and (c) at least one additive of formulae I or II

##STR00001## where R.sup.1 is H R.sup.2 is selected from H, C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 alkyl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 alkoxy, C.sub.6 to C.sub.10 aryl, and C.sub.6 to C.sub.10 aroxy, R.sup.3 is selected from R.sup.2, R.sup.4 is selected from C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 alkyl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 alkoxy, C.sub.6 to C.sub.10 aryl, and C.sub.6 to C.sub.10 aroxy, R.sup.10, R.sup.12 are independently selected from C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 alkyl and C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 alkoxy, m is 1, 2 or 3, and n is 0 or an integer from 1 to 100.

A method of cleaning highway and road construction equipment is disclosed.

A cleaning agent composition for use in removal of an adhesive residue, the composition containing a quaternary ammonium salt and a solvent, wherein the solvent consists of an organic solvent, and the organic solvent includes an N,N,N′,N′-tetra(hydrocarbyl)urea.

According to the present invention, there is provided a composition comprising 1,1-difluoroethylene (R-1132a), fluoromethane (R-32), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf) and carbo dioxide (CO.sub.2, R-744). The invention also provides a composition R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: pentafluoroethane (R-125), 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a), trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234ze(E)) and 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-hepta-fluoropropane (R-227ea); optionally, the composition comprises at least one further compound selected from the group consisting of trifluoroethylene (R-1123), propane (R-290), propylene (R-1270), isobutane (R-600a) and carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2, R-744). The present invention also provides a composition comprising R-1132a, R-32 and R-1234yf.

A method is provided for removing a residue from a surface. The method includes steps of applying a cleaning medium to the surface containing the residue. The cleaning medium comprises up to 100 wt. % of at least a solvent. Allowing the cleaning medium to be in contact with the residue for at least 5 seconds to swell/dissolve the residue for removing the residue from the surface. At least 50 wt. % of the residue and the cleaning medium are removed from the surface by wiping the surface with a shear force. The residue contains a sulfonated polymer having an ion exchange capacity (IEC) of greater than 0.5 meq/g. The sulfonated polymer can kill >90% of microbes coming in contact with the sulfonated polymer in less than 30 min.

A cleaning agent composition for use in removal of a polysiloxane adhesive remaining on a substrate, the composition containing a tetrahydrocarbylammonium fluoride and an organic solvent, wherein the organic solvent contains an aromatic compound represented by formula (1) and a lactam compound represented by formula (2).

##STR00001##

(in formulas (1) and (2), s represents the number of substituents R.sup.100s of the benzene ring and is 2 or 3; s groups of R.sup.100s each independently represent a C1 to C6 alkyl group; the total number of carbon atoms in s groups of C1 to C6 alkyl groups is 3 or greater; R.sup.101 represents a C1 to C6 alkyl group; and R.sup.102 represents a C1 to C6 alkylene group.)

The testing of various chemicals has yielded new chemicals and chemical mixtures for the use of removing carbon deposits from the internal combustion engine. Some of these chemicals and chemical mixtures have proven to work better across many different carbon types than other chemicals that were tested. These chemical terpenes are typically produced from plants. One standard terpene mixture is known as turpentine. The chemical turpentine and chemicals found in turpentine have been determined, through our research and testing, to be extremely effective at removing the carbon that is produced within the internal combustion engine.

A method is provided involving altering the viscosity of bio-derived paraffins to produce a paraffinic fluid, where the altering step includes chlorinating the bio-derived paraffins; the bio-derived paraffins include a hydrodeoxygenated product produced by hydrodeoxygenating a bio-based feed where the bio-based feed includes bio-derived fatty acids, fatty acid esters, or a combination thereof; the bio-derived paraffins include n-paraffins; and the n-paraffins have a biodegradability of at least 40% after about 23 days of exposure to microorganisms. Also provided are methods of protecting and/or cleaning a substance by applying the paraffinic fluid.