Use of parasites and extracellular vesicles obtained from the parasites for a cancer treatment is provided. The use of parasites and extracellular vesicles obtained from parasites is for using in a treatment of a cancer, and loading an active substance on exosomes by using a drug loading capacity of exosomes, and thus, by carrying a specific drug directly to target cancer cells without causing any side effect on healthy cells and to enhance a bioavailability of the specific drug, achieving a desired effect in a tumor specific target region. Particularly Leishmania infantum parasite is used as a source for the extracellular vesicles.

Described herein are methods for manufacturing viruses and viral particles. In some aspects, the methods use a sugar-based detergent for lysing a host cell to release the virus or viral particle. Also, described herein is a composition or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the virus or viral particle manufactured by the methods described herein.

The present invention provides methods for cryopreservation of insect embryos comprising chorion layers and waxy layer, particularly fly embryos including embryos of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens, BSF) useful in mass rearing of beneficial fly adults. The present invention further provides cryopreserved embryos having an industrially suitable adult recovery and survival rate.

A baculovirus vector and a use thereof in the preparation of a recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) in an insect cell are provided. The baculovirus vector includes an exogenous gene expression cassette and a stable sequence. The stable sequence is located at a site 5 kb or less from the exogenous gene expression cassette, and the stable sequence is a conserved noncoding element (CNE) sequence or a nucleocapsid assembly-essential element (NAE) sequence. When an insect cell is infected with a recombinant baculovirus (rBV) constructed in this way, after multiple continuous passages, production levels of the rBV and the rAAV still remain relatively stable.

A novel, alternative, low-cost synthesis process for the in vitro production of carminic acid by using the hemolymph cells of the insect Dactylopius coccus Costa (cochineal scale insect) for use in the dye industry for food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and textiles.

The present invention provides a method of manufacturing a coral scaffold for use as a bone graft substitute. The method comprises growing coral in a growth medium having a carbonate hardness, dKH, of 10 or more; removing at least a portion of the coral from the growth medium; devitalising coral removed from the growth medium and sizing the devitalised coral to form the coral scaffold.

The present invention provides a method of releasing viral vectors from cells producing those viral vectors by contacting the cells with a photosensitising agent which is then irradiated to disrupt the plasma membrane of the cells to release the viral vectors which may be collected and/or purified. The product of such methods as well as kits and apparatuses for performing the methods are also provided.

The present disclosure provides a method for producing a methyl compound using glycine, serine, or an organic raw material.

The disclosure relates generally to gene editing systems comprising reverse transcriptases and fusion proteins of reverse transcriptases with nickases or nucleases, methods of making such reverse transcriptases and fusion proteins, and methods of using such reverse transcriptases and fusion proteins for site directed genome editing in cells.