The present invention relates to an acid-resistant yeast endowed with a lactic acid production ability and having a suppressed ethanol production pathway, and a method for producing lactic acid using same. According to the present invention, by effectively suppressing the production of ethanol in an acid-resistant yeast, and by expressing an LDH enzyme with strong expression and high efficiency, it is possible to produce lactic acid with high yield even at low pH without degrading growth.

Briefly, a sensor for a continuous biological monitor is provided that has a working electrode with an enhanced enzyme layer that in one embodiment is made by mixing an aqueous polyurethane emulsion with an acrylic polyol emulsion to make a base emulsion. An enzyme is added to the base emulsion, which is applied to the working electrode and cured. Optionally, other additives can be added to the base emulsion prior to application, such as hydrophiles, cross linkers, adding imodeoesters, hydroxysuccimide, carboldilite, melamines, epoxies, benzoyl peroxide or dicumyl peroxide.

The present disclosure provides compositions and methods for making and using methanotrophic proline auxotrophs.

Methods and materials related to producing D-lactic acid are disclosed. Specifically, isolated synthetic or natural nucleic acids, synthetic or natural polypeptides, host cells, and methods and materials for producing D-lactic acid by direct fermentation from carbon sources are disclosed, along with methods of preparing D-lactic acid polymers.

The present invention relates to a novel promoter for regulating ADH gene expression in an organic acid-resistant yeast, and a method of producing an organic acid by expressing an organic acid production-related gene using the same. When an organic acid production-related target gene is expressed in the organic acid-resistant yeast using the novel promoter according to the present invention, there is an advantage in that the yeast can produce the organic acid with high efficiency while having resistance to the organic acid without inhibiting the growth ability of the yeast.

The present invention relates to a novel 3-hydroxypropionate-lactate block copolymer [P(3HP-b-LA)], and a method for preparing same, and more specifically, provides a method for preparing a 3-hydroxypropionate-lactate block copolymer, and a 3-hydroxypropionate-lactate block copolymer produced thereby, the method comprising: a first culture step in which, by using recombinant E. coli improved so as to be incapable of biosynthesizing lactic acid, P(3HP) is biosynthesized at the early stage of culturing by having glycerol as a carbon source and through 3-hydroxypropionate-generating genes and an enhanced PHA synthase; and a second culture step in which P(3HP) production is inhibited by using a carbon catabolic repression system for selectively introducing only glucose into E. coli when glycerol and glucose are supplied together as carbon sources, and in which polylactate is biosynthesized to an interrupted P(3HP) terminus by the enabling of the expression of a lactate synthase and a lactyl-CoA converting enzyme through an IPTG induction system.

Disclosed herein is a recombinant microorganism having enhanced 2,3-butanediol producing ability, wherein a pathway for converting pyruvate to acetyl-CoA, a pathway for converting pyruvate to formic acid, or a pathway for converting pyruvate to lactate is inhibited in a microorganism having acetyl-CoA and lactate biosynthetic pathways.

The present invention provides a method for producing lactic acid in a recombinant yeast cell culture using glucose as carbon source comprising a first, seed fermentation stage to produce biomass wherein the yeast is cultivated in a culture medium at a pH of 5 to 7, followed by a second, a production fermentation stage with biomass from the seed fermentation to produce lactic acid, wherein the yeast is cultivated in a culture medium at low p H using a yeast strain that is engineered to have lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and optionally has decreased or knocked-out pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) activity.

This disclosure relates to oligonucleotides, compositions and methods useful for reducing LDHA expression, particularly in hepatocytes.

A system and method for controlling metabolic enzymes or pathways in cells to produce a chemical above the levels of a wild-type strain is disclosed. The system utilizes cells, including yeasts, bacteria, and molds, having at least two genes capable of being controlled bi-directionally with light, where one gene is turned from off to on when exposed to light and another gene is turned from on to off when exposed to light, the two genes reversing when the light is turned off. Cells may utilize any number of sequences that benefit chemical production, including sequences that: encode for constitutive transcription of light-activated transcription factor fusions; encode for a metabolic enzyme; encode for a repressor; induce expression of metabolic enzymes; and an endogenous or exogenous activator expressed by a constitutive promoter, inducible promoter, or gene circuit. These systems may be coupled to biosensors or protein cascade systems, enabling the monitoring or automation of the fermentation process to optimize production of a desired product. These systems may also allow for optimization and periodic operation of a bioreactor using light pulses.