Transducer-based systems can be configured to display a graphical representation of a transducer-based device, the graphical representation including graphical elements corresponding to transducers of the transducer-based device, and also including between graphical elements respectively associated with a set of the transducers and respectively associated with a region of space between the transducers of the transducer-based device. Selection of graphical elements and/or between graphical elements can cause activation of the set of transducers associated with the selected elements. Selection of a plurality of graphical elements and/or between graphical elements can cause visual display of a corresponding activation path in the graphical representation. Visual characteristics of graphical elements and between graphical elements can change based on an activation-status of the corresponding transducers. Activation requests for a set of transducers can be denied if it is determined that a transducer in the set of transducers is unacceptable for activation.

A partially-masked electrode includes a conductive material and an insulated coating having an outer surface. The insulated coating defines a contoured opening that exposes or reveals an area of the conductive material, wherein the contoured opening has an upper perimeter at the outer surface of the insulated coating. When the upper perimeter of the insulated surface coating is placed in contact with a tissue of interest, wherein the tissue of interest is proximate a blood pool, the insulated coating creates a seal between the blood pool and the contoured opening so that no blood in the blood pool can contact the conductive material. This seal reduces or eliminates the reception of far field effects in the blood pool by the electrode, making it easier to locate and diagnose unhealthy tissue.

Transducer-based systems can be configured to display a graphical representation of a transducer-based device, the graphical representation including graphical elements corresponding to transducers of the transducer-based device, and also including between graphical elements respectively associated with a set of the transducers and respectively associated with a region of space between the transducers of the transducer-based device. Selection of graphical elements and/or between graphical elements can cause activation of the set of transducers associated with the selected elements. Selection of a plurality of graphical elements and/or between graphical elements can cause visual display of a corresponding activation path in the graphical representation. Visual characteristics of graphical elements and between graphical elements can change based on an activation-status of the corresponding transducers. Activation requests for a set of transducers can be denied if it is determined that a transducer in the set of transducers is unacceptable for activation.

A medical apparatus includes a probe configured for insertion into a body of a patient. The probe includes a plurality of electrodes configured to contact tissue within the body. The medical apparatus further includes an electrical signal generator configured to apply between one or more pairs of the electrodes signals of first and second types in alternation. The signals of the first type include a sequence of bipolar pulses having an amplitude sufficient to cause irreversible electrophoresis (IRE) in the tissue contacted by the electrodes. The signals of the second type include a radio-frequency (RF) signal having a power sufficient to thermally ablate the tissue contacted by the electrodes.

A system for creating separation between biological surfaces may comprise a hollow body configured for delivery of a fluid to a target location, a fluid supply in fluid-communication with the hollow body, a control element configured to control the delivery of a fluid through the hollow body, at least one first sensor configured to measure at least one parameter of the fluid flowing through the hollow body, at least one second sensor configured to measure at least one parameter of an environment of the hollow body, a feedback control module configured to receive information from one or more of the at least one first sensor or the at least one of the second sensor to control at least one operational function of the system.

In certain examples, aspects are directed to an ablation tool or other procedure-specific tool to treat or assess biological tissue (e.g., ablate cardiac tissue) having a first tissue side and a second, opposite tissue side at which a magnetic-draw element is to be located. In a specific example, a first magnetic element is associated with or coupled to a catheter tool having an expandable portion to transition from a first state towards a second state for providing an expanded girth, so that the expandable portion surrounds the first magnetic element and moves the procedure-specific tool, in part by the first magnetic element moving via magnetic attraction. While the first magnetic element and the magnetic-draw element align on either side of the biological tissue, the procedure-specific tool may be used for the procedure.

Medical apparatus includes an insertion tube configured for insertion into a body cavity of a patient and a distal assembly, including a plurality of spines having respective proximal ends that are connected distally to the insertion tube. Each spine includes a rib extending along a length of the spine, a flexible polymer sleeve disposed over the rib and defining a lumen running parallel to the rib along the spine, and one or more electrodes disposed on the sleeve and configured to contact tissue within the body cavity.

Systems, devices, and methods for electroporation ablation therapy are disclosed, with a protection device for isolating electronic circuitry, devices, and/or other components from a set of electrodes during a cardiac ablation procedure. A system can include a first set of electrodes disposable near cardiac tissue of a heart and a second set of electrodes disposable in contact with patient anatomy. The system can further include a signal generator configured to generate a pulse waveform, where the signal generator coupled to the first set of electrodes and configured to repeatedly deliver the pulse waveform to the first set of electrodes. The system can further include a protection device configured to selectively couple and decouple an electronic device to the second set of electrodes.

Transducer-based systems can be configured to display a graphical representation of a transducer-based device, the graphical representation including graphical elements corresponding to transducers of the transducer-based device, and also including between graphical elements respectively associated with a set of the transducers and respectively associated with a region of space between the transducers of the transducer-based device. Selection of graphical elements and/or between graphical elements can cause activation of the set of transducers associated with the selected elements. Selection of a plurality of graphical elements and/or between graphical elements can cause visual display of a corresponding activation path in the graphical representation. Visual characteristics of graphical elements and between graphical elements can change based on an activation-status of the corresponding transducers. Activation requests for a set of transducers can be denied if it is determined that a transducer in the set of transducers is unacceptable for activation.

A system for electroporation ablation including a catheter having an electrode assembly and one or more states. The electrode assembly may be in different shapes when the catheter is at different states. The controller is configured to generate, based on one or more models of electric fields, graphical representations of electric fields generated by the electrode assembly when the catheter is at different states. In some embodiments, the controller is configured to overlay the graphical representations of the one or more electric fields on an anatomical map of a patient.