A crystalline pigment or colorant composition having high color intensity and/or low sugar content, and methods and processes of preparation. The composition may comprise purified fruit and/or vegetable color juices.

The present disclosure relates to isolating one or more cannabinoids from an input mixture. There is disclosed an apparatus that comprises a volatizing unit, a fractional distillation unit, and a condensing unit. The volatizing unit receives and volatilizes the input mixture to provide a cannabinoid-containing vapor stream and a residue. The fractional distillation unit comprises a plenum for receiving the cannabinoid-containing vapor stream and separates a first cannabinoid from at least a second cannabinoid. The condensing unit is configured to receive a portion of the cannabinoid-containing vapor stream comprising the first cannabinoid from the plenum and to form a condensed first cannabinoid output stream and a recirculate stream. There are also disclosed methods for isolating one or more cannabinoids employing a recirculate stream.

A heat and mass transfer system configured to be a passive system using gravitational force to form a thin liquid film flow on an outer surface of a flow distribution head and downstream conduit member to subject the thin liquid film to heat transfer mediums. The at least partially spherical flow distribution head creates a uniform thin flow of liquid on the outer surface increasing the efficiency of the heat and mass transfer system. The heat and mass transfer system may include a heat transfer medium supply system in fluid communication with internal aspects of the downstream conduit such that a heat transfer medium flows within the downstream conduit while the liquid film flows on the outer surface of the downstream conduit. Rather than conventional sheet flow on inner surfaces of a conduit, the flow distribution head enables sheet flow to be formed on an outside surface of a component.

Process for the removal of volatile compounds from a tackifier comprising a resin with repeating units of formula I wherein R.sup.1 is a linear or branched alkylen group with 1 to 10 carbon atoms and R.sup.2 is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated N aliphatic hydrocarbon group with up to 20 carbon atoms, and optionally a plasticizer, wherein the tackifier is passed through at least one evaporator as film and the volatile compounds are removed from the film. ##STR00001##

A water vapor distillation system. The system includes a water vapor distillation device configured to receive a volume of source water from a fluid source and produce distillate, the device comprising: a concentrate flow path comprising a concentrate output; a distillate flow path comprising a distillate output; at least one source proportioning valve; a first heat exchanger comprising at least a portion of the distillate flow path; a second heat exchanger including at least a portion of the concentrate flow path, wherein the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger in fluid flow communication with the fluid source; a distillate sensor assembly in communication with the distillate flow path and located downstream the first heat exchanger, the distillate sensor assembly configured to generate a distillate temperature measurement; and a controller configured to control the source proportioning valves, the controller configured to: receive the distillate temperature measurement; determine the difference between a first target temperature and the distillate temperature measurement; and split the source water from the fluid source between the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger based on the difference between the first target temperature and the distillate temperature measurement.

The present invention provides to a process for recovery of an organic compound (i.e. Ethanol, propanol, butanol, Acetone, iso-propyl alcohol) from a fermented broth which is produced from different fermentation technologies. The present invention particularly relates to an integrated process for ethanol separation from the fermentation broth using integrated vapor compressing unit (turbofans), evaporator (falling film) and a broth stripper column (vacuum distillation system). The process is operated under low temperature for the separation and recovery of the organic compound (particularly ethanol) from the fermented broth containing live microbes typically below or at 50° C. to ensure the activity of the microbes in the broth recycle. Again, the activity of the microbes is further ensured by maintaining the residence time of the microbe containing broth outside the Fermentor is less than or equal to 10 minutes.

The application provides in an aspect a process for producing urea in a urea plant comprising a high pressure synthesis section comprising a reactor, wherein the process comprises reacting NH.sub.3 feed and CO.sub.2 feed under urea formation conditions in said reactor to form a urea synthesis solution comprising urea, water, carbamate and ammonia, wherein the process further comprises contacting a carbamate-containing liquid stream with an equipment part of said high pressure synthesis section that is made of a ferritic steel alloy.

A method for purification of a styrene-containing feedstock includes steps of introducing the styrene-containing feedstock into the middle of an extractive distillation column, and a solvent for the extractive distillation into the upper part of the column; discharging a raffinate oil from the top of the column, and a rich solvent rich in styrene from the bottom of the column. The rich solvent is then introduced into the middle of the solvent recovery column for vacuum distillation to obtain a crude styrene from the top of the solvent recovery column, and a lean solvent is discharged from the bottom of the solvent recovery column and recycled to the upper part of the extractive distillation column. A portion of the rich solvent is sent to a solvent purification zone for a liquid-liquid extraction using water to obtain a mixture of a styrene polymer and styrene.

Falling film evaporator systems, devices, and methods are disclosed in the present application. In some embodiments, the falling film evaporator system can include a hollow cylindrical glass tube configured to enclose the major parts of the falling film evaporator system. Furthermore, in some embodiments, inserted into the cylindrical glass tube is another hollow evaporator tube with a dispensing bowl at the top, a reservoir of the dispending bowl facing the inside top of the cylindrical glass tube. Inserted into the hollow evaporator tube is a heating element configured to heat the hollow evaporator tube such that an outside surface of the evaporator tube is heated. At the top of the hollow cylindrical glass is an inlet where liquid flows into the dispensing bowl, spilling over the edges of the bowl, generating a thin film of liquid that is evaporated as it falls down the outside surface of the evaporator tube.

A liquid separator and concentrator is disclosed. An example liquid separator and concentrator includes a separator column. A spray chamber has a sprayer nozzle to spray an influent within the spray chamber and create a falling film in the separator column. A heating jacket surrounds the separator column, wherein the heating jacket heats the falling film to evaporate at least one portion of the falling film and leaves a concentrate. A concentrate collection vessel receives the concentrate from the separator column.