A substrate cleaning method and a substrate cleaning apparatus are provided. The substrate cleaning method includes a first step of applying a chemical solution to a lower surface of a substrate, and a second step of subsequently applying a bubble-containing liquid to the lower surface of the substrate.

A method and apparatus for producing chlorine gas whereby a nanobubble generator introduces nanobubbles at a concentration of at least 10.sup.6 nanobubbles per cm.sup.3 into an electrolytic cell comprising a pair of electrodes and a chlorine-containing, electrolyzable liquid, and the electrolytic cell is operated to produce chlorine gas.

A reversing flow apparatus comprising a chamber having a series of two or more sequential rings mounted on a shaft extending axially through the chamber, the rings being separated by a space, each ring comprising a circumference and one or more S-shaped members extending from a point in the circumference to another point in the circumference and across a center of the ring, the two or more sequential rings being mounted along the shaft in a twist arrangement such that at least one ring In the apparatus has its S-shaped member in a forward-facing position and at least one ring in the apparatus has its S-shaped member in a reverse-facing position.

A method and apparatus for producing hydrogen gas whereby a nanobubble generator introduces nanobubbles at a concentration of at least 10.sup.7 nanobubbles per cm.sup.3 into an electrolytic cell comprising a pair of electrodes and a hydrogen-containing, electrolyzable liquid, and the electrolytic cell is operated to produce hydrogen gas.

The invention relates to an ultrafine bubble (UFB) generator and a method for generating UFB. The invention also provides an ultrafine bubble-containing liquid and a production method of the liquid. An ultrafine bubble generator is prepared by combining (A) a sophorolipid containing acidic sophorolipid and lactonic sophorolipid in a ratio (mass ratio) of 78:22 to 100:0, (B) a free fatty acid or salt thereof, and (C) a gas generation component.

A gas-saturated liquid generator having a vessel of the generator, a hollow bell in its upside down position located with a tube for gas supply, and a mixer situated in the area for saturated liquid covered by the bell is disclosed. The entire bell is submerged below the surface of the saturated liquid. On a shaft projecting from a driving equipment, the mixer provided with a foaming spring is situated. The mixer provided with a magnetic carrier seated rotatably on the protrusion formed by a bulge in the bottom part of the generator vessel may be used. The preferred bell forms are dome-shaped, cylindrical or conical.

A medical gas-liquid supply system including an electrolytic gas generator, a pure water supply device, a control unit, a first gas storing unit, a second gas storing unit and a gas output unit is provided. The control unit is electrically connected to the electrolytic gas generator for controlling the voltage value of the electrolytic gas generator and the type of gases generated by the electrolytic gas generator. The first and second gas storing units are communicated to the electrolytic gas generator for storing the first and second gases generated by the electrolytic gas generator respectively. The gas output unit is communicated to the first and second gas storing units and has first, second and third output ends for outputting the first gas, a mixed gas and the second gas respectively, in which the mixed gas includes the first and second gases.

{Problem}

To provide a dissolved hydrogen liquid-discharging pot that makes it easier for a user to use hydrogen water by making the pot capable of discharging or spraying a liquid in which hydrogen is dissolved continuously for a constant period at a prescribed pressure.

{Solution}

The internal pressure of a pressure chamber, the volume of which has been subdivided by an indicator line on a pot body, is maintained with hydrogen, which is generated by a hydrogen-generating agent disposed in a hydrogen-generating section, at a discharge pressure that is sufficient to discharge all of the liquid inside a bottle section while an on-off valve that opens and closes a discharge tube is closed, and when the on-off valve is opened intermittently or continuously, at a pressure sufficient for continuing discharge of the liquid inside the bottle section and performing continuous discharge of dissolved hydrogen liquid until the bottom of the bottle section is reached.

Provided is an ultrafine bubble generation device. A device 10 includes a rotary blower 31a, a rotary mixer 11, and a bubble shear filter 21. The rotary mixer 11 includes a hollow part 13 including a vertex X inside, an inflow hole 12 for introducing a fluid and a discharge hole 16. In an inner wall surface of the hollow part 13, a groove 14 having a spiral shape for the fluid introduced from the inflow hole 12 is provided, and the discharge hole 16 is provided away from the vertex X of the spiral shape on an axis of the spiral shape. The bubble shear filter 21 is provided with a hollow part inside, and includes an inflow hole 24 for introducing the fluid into the hollow part, and a discharge hole 26 for discharging the fluid. The hollow part is tubular, a plurality of plate-like thin plates 22 and 23 are arranged perpendicularly to a central axis of the hollow part such that the central axis passes through a center point of each circular plate, adjacent thin plates are provided with a plurality of openings and a plurality of pointed end portions, and a pointed end portion 25a and an opening 25b of the adjacent thin plates are arranged to face each other.

A method is provided for producing fine-bubble water by resonance foaming and vacuum cavitation, and a device for manufacturing each of ultra-fine-bubble water of hydrogen gas having a reducing radical function, ultra-fine-bubble water of air and oxygen gas having an oxidizing radical function, ozone ultra-fine-bubble water having a sterilization function enabled by ozone, and fine-bubble water of nitrogen/carbon dioxide gas for increasing the ability to preserve the freshness of raw agricultural products, livestock products, and marine products.