The invention relates to a microarray structure that may include a substrate material layer, a continuous three-dimensional (3D) surface layer on the substrate material layer that is capable of functionalisation for use as an array, and an inert material. The structure may include accurately defined and functionalisable isolated areas which are millimeter to nanometer in size. The functionalisable areas may be part of the continuous 3D surface layer and may be isolated by the inert material but interconnected within the structure by the continuous 3D surface layer.

A gene sequencing substrate and a method for manufacturing the same, and a gene sequencing device are provided. It belongs to the technical field of gene sequencing, and can solve the problem of high cost of the high-throughput sequencing chip in the prior art. The gene sequencing substrate of the present disclosure comprises a plastic material with concave structures as base substrate, and the concave structures serve as reaction cells. Since the base substrate has plasticity, the concave structures can be formed by a simple process to reduce the cost of the gene sequencing substrate. Meanwhile, a first protective layer may be provided on the inner wall of the concave structures for preventing the inner wall of the concave structures from being corroded by the reaction liquid.

A structured substrate includes a substrate body having an active side. The substrate body includes reaction cavities that open along the active side and interstitial regions that separate the reaction cavities. The structured substrate includes an ensemble amplifier positioned within each of the reaction cavities. The ensemble amplifier includes a plurality of nanostructures configured to at least one of amplify electromagnetic energy that propagates into the corresponding reaction cavity or amplify electromagnetic energy that is generated within the corresponding reaction cavity.

An example of a flow cell includes a substrate; a first primer set attached to a first region on the substrate, the first primer set including an un-cleavable first primer and a cleavable second primer; and a second primer set attached to a second region on the substrate, the second primer set including a cleavable first primer and an un-cleavable second primer.

The invention is directed to apparatus and methods for delivering multiple reagents to, and monitoring, a plurality of analytical reactions carried out on a large-scale array of electronic sensors under minimal noise conditions. In one aspect, the invention provides method of improving signal-to-noise ratios of output signals from the electronic sensors sensing analytes or reaction byproducts by subtracting an average of output signals measured from neighboring sensors where analyte or reaction byproducts are absent. In other aspects, the invention provides an array of electronic sensors integrated with a microwell array for confining analytes and/or particles for analytical reactions and a method for identifying microwells containing analytes and/or particles by passing a sensor-active reagent over the array and correlating sensor response times to the presence or absence of analytes or particles. Such detection of analyte- or particle-containing microwells may be used as a step in additional noise reduction methods.

An apparatus for supporting an array of layers of amphiphilic molecules, the apparatus comprising: a body, formed in a surface of the body, an array of sensor wells capable of supporting a layer of amphiphilic molecules across the sensor wells, the sensor wells each containing an electrode for connection to an electrical circuit, and formed in the surface of the body between the sensor wells, flow control wells capable of smoothing the flow of a fluid across the surface.

An apparatus for supporting an array of layers of amphiphilic molecules, the apparatus comprising: a body, formed in a surface of the body, an array of sensor wells capable of supporting a layer of amphiphilic molecules across the sensor wells, the sensor wells each containing an electrode for connection to an electrical circuit, and formed in the surface of the body between the sensor wells, flow control wells capable of smoothing the flow of a fluid across the surface.

A receiving unit for receiving a fluid has a receiving element with a receiving face and at least one micro-cavity that is arranged and formed in the receiving element on the receiving face in order to receive the fluid. The receiving face further has a hydrophilic surface characteristic in at least one subregion adjoining the at least one micro-cavity.

De novo synthesized large libraries of nucleic acids are provided herein with low error rates. Further, devices for the manufacturing of high-quality building blocks, such as oligonucleotides, are described herein. Longer nucleic acids can be synthesized in parallel using microfluidic assemblies. Further, methods herein allow for the fast construction of large libraries of long, high-quality genes. Devices for the manufacturing of large libraries of long and high-quality nucleic acids are further described herein.

The present disclosure relates to the field of molecular biology and more specifically to microarrays and methods, including methods for modifying immobilized capture primers comprising: a) contacting a substrate comprising a plurality of immobilized capture primers with a plurality of template nucleic acids under conditions sufficient for hybridization to produce one or more immobilized template nucleic acids, and b) extending one or more immobilized capture primers to produce one or more immobilized extension products complementary to the one or more template nucleic acid.